Outline the Learning Theory of Attachments free essay sample

Outline the learning theory explanation of attachments. The learning theory proposes that attachment behaviours are learnt through the imitation of the attachment figures meaning they are not innate. One explanation of how this happens is through Classical Conditioning. In the Learning Theory Classical Conditioning is the forming of an attachment through association. The Learning Theory states that when a baby is born they naturally want food. When the mother feeds the baby it automatically associates the food which is the primary reinforces with its mother who is the secondary reinforces. Therefore an attachment is formed with the mother because she is giving what the baby needs most. the mother feeding the baby when the baby cries will mean that the baby learns that crying will get them food which then makes the baby happy, the food is the unconditioned stimulus and the happiness from the child is the unconditioned response the primary care giver is the neutral stimulus, over time the baby will associate the mother with food and the presence of just the mother will make the baby happy, the mother is the conditioned stimulus and the baby being happy to see the mother is the conditioned response. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline the Learning Theory of Attachments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another explanation of how attachments are learned according to the Learning Theory is through Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning involves reinforcement or a reward to maintain a relationship. Dollard and Miller stated that all babies are born with a need to reduce feelings of hunger. When the mother feeds the baby it acts as a positive reinforcement or a reward on the behaviour of the baby. The reward that the baby receives is a positive reward and therefore the baby is likely to repeat the same behaviour to provoke the same response from the mother. This reinforces the attachment bond between mother and child because she is the one providing the food. Dollard Miller (1950) used the term secondary drive hypothesis to describe the processes of learning an attachment through operant and classical conditioning. Secondary drive hypothesis explains how primary drives which are essential for survival, such as eating when hungry, become associated with secondary drives such as emotional closeness. They extended the theory to explain that attachment is a two way process that the caregiver must also learn, and this occurs through negative reinforcement when the caregiver feels pleasure because the infant is no longer distressed.

Roles in History essays

Roles in History essays Discrimination, whether motivated by differences in race, nationality, religion, or gender, prevents American citizens from experiencing true freedom. Discrimination has existed in many forms, both legally condoned and legally punishable, and has become a part of American history since the days our founding fathers wrote the constitution. When they wrote the famous words, We hold these truths to be self-evident, the God created all men equal, they probably werent thinking of slavery, rulings of separate but equal, and the Jim Crow laws. As a free Blackman in 1813, James Forten put it, ...they did not particularize white and black, because they never supposed it would be made a question whether we were men or not. In an episode of the television show The Family Guy, the writers comment on discrimination by making a parody with the family dog, Brian, an articulate, mature, sophisticated pet, who undergoes traditional occurrences of discrimination. In this episode, entitled Brian: Portrait of Dog, Brian gets harassed by police, refused service at local businesses, and is eventually imprisoned and sentenced to lethal injection. The episode starts at the Griffins house, where the family is enduring the summer heat without an air-conditioner. Peter, the father of the household, asks Brian to enter the dog show to win money so that the family will be able to afford an air-conditioner. Brian, who drinks dry martinis and is as quick-witted as he is sarcastic, is of course weary of this task asked before him, as he will feel degraded and void of pride. Brian goes to the dog show, does well, but toward the end of the competition, it is Brians turn to beg for a treat. This is where Brian draws the line between helping out the family and dehumanizing himself. By using that term I dont mean to say that Brian is human, but to an extent, es...

Is Anheuser-Busch a monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Is Anheuser-Busch a monopoly - Essay Example It, however, is not the only corporation that is doing so, as the beer industry has become an oligopoly where â€Å"a few large firms producing a homogeneous or differentiated product dominate a market† and â€Å"firms in the industry that firms are mutually interdependent—each must consider its rivals’ reactions in response to its decisions about prices, output, and advertising† (Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly). This has created a beer market where the smaller brewers do not really have a chance for success, since the larger companies will make it nearly impossible for them to survive. These large corporations have altered the free market to the point where it is not really free anymore and the consumer’s choices are very limited. Anheuser-Busch does not dominate the beer industry, but it is one of the members of this oligopoly that has taken control of this industry globally. It cannot be said that Anheuser-Busch dominates the market because of its low prices because other breweries do the exact same thing. Anheuser-Busch was, until recently, the world’s largest brewery, by volume, but it has since fallen back a little bit because of its reluctant to acquire other breweries. Despite this, Anheuser-Busch has managed to take a 49% market shape in the United States based almost purely on its major brands: Budweiser, Michelob, and Busch. Each of these beers is basically the same recipe, with minor variations and different names, which is what most beer companies do with their beers. Despite all of this, there have been problems growing for the company in terms of revenue and net profits, as both of these have declined in recent times. The net income for the company is down 31% from last year and the company also went from having %50 of the market share down to only having 49%. One reason for this drop in profits is that beer consumption as a whole has decreased in the United States recently. People are now beginning to

Tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tort law - Essay Example The following sections of this assessment are specifically going to focus on the relevant statutes that can be inferred when negotiating for a settlement as well as remedies. Case list and relevant statutes Briefly outline any cases/statutes you have researched in this area which are relevant to our client’s claim. This should be more than just a bulleted list. Basically, tort law commonly refers to a civil wrong not arising from a contract and in the case of negligence, everyone has a duty of care owed to the neighbour (Capiro Industries vs. Dickman 1990). Cooke (2010) suggests that a remedy can be given in the form of compensation where the plaintiff can prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant owed duty of care in the event of injury. Thus, in case of tort law, specific duties apply to everyone and are imposed by the law. According to Terry & Giugni (2009), there are four elements of the tort of negligence that have to be proved by the plaintiff and these include th e following: there is need to prove that the defendant owed the plaintiff a duty of care, the defendant breached that duty by falling below expected standards, the defendant’s conduct caused the plaintiff to suffer physical or economic harm (causation) and the harm suffered by the plaintiff was reasonably foreseeable (remoteness). Under common law, duty of care must be observed whereby the breach of such duty, causation of damage, remoteness of damage and the defences would be taken into account as illustrated in the following cases below. Facts The case of Murphy v Brentwood[1991] 1 A.C. 398 can be used to establish the duty care owed by the contractors in the construction industry. Issue Were defendants negligent? Rule They were negligent because they did not take into account safety precautions when constructing the house. In our case, we did not constantly check the state of condition of our buildings. Analysis The court found that the engineers as well as contractors wer e negligent when they failed to take necessary measures to ensure that they construct a solid foundation of the house. In the case of Blyth v Birmingham Water Works Company, the facts are as follows; the defendants installed a fire plug near the plaintiff’s house that leaked during a severe frost, causing water damage and the jury found the defendant negligent, and the defendant appealed. Issue Were the defendants negligent? Rule Defendants can only be negligent when they fail to do what a reasonable person can do. Analysis This was an accident caused by natural causes. The case of Bolam V Friern 1957 also illustrates a case involving negligence but the court ruled in favour of the doctor because he was acting within his profession. In most cases, for a claim to be successful, the four elements mentioned above have to be proved. The Occupiers’ Liability Act (OLA) 1957 is mainly concerned with the duty care owed to the occupiers of a building and these can be classified as employees or visitors. They ought to take into consideration the risk of danger that may prevail. On the other hand, the employer is liable for breach of his duty if he fails to provide his employees with safety as well as safe equipment to use (Wilson and Clyde Coal Co Ltd v English [1938 ] AC 57 (HL) 141). This also includes a duty to

Mapping Your Conflicts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mapping Your Conflicts - Case Study Example A good example is the issue of sibling rivalry where a daughter becomes jealous of the newly born baby brother. Sometimes, because of the new baby, parents and family members give more attention to the new born child, and the elder daughter will feel left behind. The daughter will now start to ask for more attention and become rebellious. Conflict will arise between daughter and parents. Instead of blaming someone for what happened, the systems theory helps assess the situation by knowing all sides of the story. The systems theory will look at the daughter’s perspective and from the perspectives of the parents. Because of this, both of them will understand what really happened and why it happened without having someone feel the guilt and blame. In this week’s case study, I will use the metaphor of â€Å"conflict as competition† to describe the conflict between Enrique and Monica. In this metaphor, those involve will always aim to win against the other. Both Enriq ue and Monica don’t want to give in and let someone control the other. Monica wants Enrique to help her, Enrique wants to go out and not help. Monica does not want Enrique to do his own way and go to his friend and she can’t. Neither of them wants to let someone rule over the other.

What Is Mental Health Health And Social Care Essay

What Is Mental Health Health And Social Care Essay In view of the strict confidentiality requirements for patient records, particularly in cases involving mental health and illness, both mental health patients and the general public were assured in accordance with the nursing and midwifery council code of conduct (NMC 2008), to respect and observe mental patients rights to confidentiality. Furthermore any information obtained about them as part of this research was not shared or disclosed with/ to any third party without their ultimate permission been given (Mental health and learning disabilities 1998). WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH There have been so many attempts by writers and authors to define what mental health is? So many different definitions have been given and for the purposes of this research only two of them were mentioned. According to The World Health Organisation (2001) health is the state of being complete mentally, emotionally, socially, physically, psychologically fit and not just a mere absence of sickness. But Keyes (2002) pointed out that mental health does not refer to a single instance of an individuals state of mind, but rather, it covers a broad spectrum and describes a collective sequence of behaviour over time. It may be generally explained and the argument is that diverse bodies, environments and settings use dissimilar means of conceptualizing the term. In other words what constitutes mental health in one profession or community might not necessarily mean the same in another. It could be classified as the disturbing toughness which allows individuals to take pleasure in their existenc e and endure pain, distress and depression which can also be said to be a good signal for individual`s interests and a fundamental idea in our personal, and others (Weare 2000). In some cases stating what mental health is? can include a broad scope of capacities which emphasises our potential in growth, change and also social nature (Department of Health 1995a) There are a many of mental health situations that could result to a disability, such as nervousness, sadness, as well as schizophrenia (web 1). In a report issued by the World Health Organisation (2003) it indicated how secretive and covered the shame and favouritism associated with mental health have been and emphasised the need to uncover and bring to the public domain. The extent of agony and challenge with regards to disability and spending for people, relatives and communities are overwhelming. The world has now recognised in the last few years the huge trouble and the probable danger associated with the illness. The discovery here indicated astonishing figures all over the world on the epidemic with it seriousness been sometimes overlooked. Surprisingly more than 450 million individuals go through mental or disorders in behaviour. Almost one million individuals do kill themselves each year and due to neuropsychiatric disorders (depression, alcohol-consumption disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder), four of the six leading causes of years lived with disability. Mental disorder can at least be found in every four families and relatives are normally the main care providers for persons with mental health problems. The degree of the challenge on relatives as a result of the complications to measure and as a result often uncared for. Nevertheless, the considerable effect on their relatives` quality of life has always been negative. People affected by mental illness incur both social costs and mental health costs and is victims of discrimination, human rights abuse, stigmatisation and both internal and external dejection (WHO 2003). WHAT IS MENTAL ILLNESS This is where the functioning of the mind becomes affected due to the series of signs and experiences of conditions, such as phobias, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, mania and substance misuse disorders (Carol and ASH 2004, health welfare 1998, Trent 1999, Tudor 1996). Due to how rampant and common mental illnesses have become in recent years, in the course of an average persons life, it is possible that they will either develop a mental health problem themselves, or have close contact with someone who does (Kitchener and Jorm 2002). In a research conducted in Scotland, it concluded that one in every four adults will experience mental health problems at some stage in their lives (Scottish Association for Mental Health (2003a). Weiss et al (2001) advocated that mental illnesses have been stigmatized in several nations and cultures. Current findings have proved the attempt in some countries to minimise the degree of stigmatisation through scientific approach and educational efforts (Rahman et al 1998). But notwithstanding these efforts, the disgrace and panic attached to mental illness remains a considerable barrier to finding assistance to identify and to treat. The association of stigmatization on mental illness has caused disparities, as oppose to other forms of illnesses, and its` further violation human rights abuse regarding people having these disorders. Even though mental health and mental illness are not the same but they are inter- related and so sometimes used interchangeably (World Health Organization 2003). Mental health is how individuals think, feel, and behave as they cope with daily life. It assists in deciding how people cope with stress, relate to others, and make choices. On the other hand, Mental illness is a collective term for a broad range of mental disorders and the mental disorders are medical conditions that disrupt how a person thinks, feels, and/ or behave, resulting in distress and/or impaired functioning (Austin 2010). CHALLENGES OF MENTAL HEALTH PATIENTS WELLBEING Patients with mental disabilities have problems and the range of the challenges encountered in their everyday life are numerous and involves for example reactions to adjustments (external situations normal responses); either short or longer-term disability connected to signs of hopelessness and nervousness (and psychiatrically linked with diagnoses such as gloominess, but may be generally constructed); bipolar disorder, schizophrenia (with a obvious genetics root, more simply clear by its signs but also with important the general public meaning and penalty). There may be coexist between each other, and also with problems linked to the drinking of alcohol or drugs, and with problems ensuing from complications traits and personality types (The Royal College of General Practitioners 2007). The case study below attempted to explain Ms. Catherine who suffers from postpartum depression. CASE SENARIO Ms Catherine suffers from `postpartum depression` Brief Description Postpartum depression is a type of depression that happens to women after they give birth and they are of two different categories which are postpartum or maternity blues, a calm frame of mind problem of minimum period and postpartum chief depression, a painful and likely life damaging illness of a longer duration. The Postpartum blues affect between 50%-80% of new mothers after labour and symptoms are normally begin from 3 to 4 days after delivery, getting worse by days 5 upwards, and may be likely to leave the mother away by the 12 day. The new mother could have atmosphere swings with period of feeling weeping, irritable, interspersed and nervous or with situations of feeling well; and she may have difficulty sleeping. If the signs continue more than 2 weeks, it is essential to look for medical assistance (Moline et al 2001). On the other hand, the starting of Postpartum major depression could be at any period in the initial periods after given birth and is extreme intense than pos tpartum blues. It is the changes in the brain chemistry that causes it and lead to mood disorder; a genetic illness which does not happen by the fault of the mothers or the consequence of a weak or unsound personality. Medically there are professional treatments since it is treatable and curable. The postpartum depression has major symptoms such as dejected atmosphere throughout the day, almost every time, for not less than 2 weeks and leading to loss of activities that were interesting or enjoying before. Other signs involve tiredness, feeling fidgety or slowed losing, a common sense guilt or insignificance, complicatedness in concentration, sleeplessness, and persistent belief of death or suicide (Moline et al 2001). Detailed Analysis- Ms Catherine`s story Ms Catherine story started one day when she came home from the hospital with her beautiful baby daughter after delivery, but her world began to fall apart. She was hit by intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dehydration, and fainting. Breast feeding her baby became out of question. Every time she held her baby to her breast, she needed to quickly lay her back down so she could run to the bathroom. In the course of the first 3 months of her daughters life, she was hospitalized twice, removed from her children including the newly born. She was completely changed from a very strong, vibrant, healthy and physically active person to something else, unable to carry out even the simplest daily responsibilities. She became devastated and a failure as a mom and couldnt even get out of bed where she even wanted to die. During her second hospital stay, a nurse gently suggested that she might have postpartum depression but was stunned. How could the horrible gastrointestinal symptoms she was exp eriencing be caused by depression? She however understood how she could be depressed because of the sickness she was suffering from, but not the other way around. And she had never heard of `postpartum depression`. But she took the suggestion to heart and quickly sought a diagnosis information, and help. In the process started taking an antidepressant and also immediately began seeing a psychologist for therapy. Ms Catherine showed sign of recovery but has always wanted someone around her to assist her in her daily routine duties. My Encounter with Ms Catherine I found it difficult in interacting with and responding to Ms Catherine initially because little did I know about mothers suffering from postpartum depression after given birth. But later on I realised that it is a common mental illness problem that affect most women after child birth. Immediately afterwards my attitude and behaviour towards her changed and begin to interact with her freely. The instance recognition of Ms Catherine ill health changed my thoughts, attitude, belief and perception of people with mental disability and the need to assist them to cope with their everyday life. Ms Catherine behavioural practices are sometimes strange than normal with her consistence ineffectiveness couple with her cold attitude and responsiveness regarding what ought to be routinely practices. It is therefore imperative that patients with mental disability are treated and dealt with according to their specific circumstances since this helps in addressing their individual concerns effectivel y. One of the weaknesses I have was to getting closer to people who suffer from mental related illnesses but I now come to realise that my fear of not wanting to approach people with mental disability because of how they can be aggressive sometimes has changed drastically. As a consequence I have now been able to build on my strengths in terms of always given a helping hand to patients and more on to people whose mental wellbeing has been challenged. ENGAGING WITH AND ASSISTING MENTAL HEALTH PATIENTS The responsibility of assisting, caring and engaging people with mental health disabilities and challenges does not rest with or depend on only one person but rather on every single individual, the society as well as organisations. As depicted in the figure 1 below, the interest and the desire to demonstrate the willingness to help manage the challenges of the mental health patients` wellbeing cat across every angle and borders. MEDIA FAMILIES INDIVIDUALS COMMUNITIES GOVERNMENTS MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS FOUNDATIONS NGOs POLICY MAKERS PRIVATE SECTOR Figure 1: A diagrammatical representation of different identifiable individuals and groups who are to assist in mental health patients wellbeing challenges. Source: Adapted from World Health Organization 2003 But for the purposes of this study the concentration was narrowed down to the role of different health and social care professionals in mental health promotion. Their roles are numerous involving supporting them to keep on with their medication as this will guard against the harmful effects that can cause further breakdowns, try to minimise additional pressure by supporting them to amend to the effects of the illness. Also work with their relatives and the community to support the patient, support them to sort out any difficulties they may face that are causing them stress. Assisting them again to stay away from becoming annoyed or violent of them and avoid being too protective and not to treat them like children (Mental Health Training n. d). The National Mental Health Act of 1946 acknowledged psychiatric nursing as one of four core areas for the provision of psychiatric care and treatment, along with psychiatry, psychology and social work. Since Nurses played an important role in t he treatment of increasing demand for psychiatric services resulting from mental health issues in order to meet the rising demands (Bigbee and Amidi-Nouri 2000). As a mental health nurse I may see patients who are living in the society, normally in the patient`s own home or in a clinical based. As a nurse providing support to mental health patients through difficult periods of their illness is significant. I will see patients who are currently well to ensure everything is going on well with them and be the first point of contact if the patients begin to experience any unusual signs of additional ill conditions. I will also be helping patients with their medication and make sure that the patient understands what they should be taking and when, since that is very important at this stage of their lives. I will provide information to the patients immediate family on the need to understand and cope with their relatives ill condition (s) and not to neglect or reject them. I may also be in volved in cases where the patients transition from hospital back into the community is carried out (Web 2). Within the continuum of mental health interventions, prevention and promotion have become practical and proofing based, backed by a fast increasing body of knowledge from areas as divergent as developmental psychopathology, psychobiology prevention, and health promotion sciences (WHO, 2002). Rutz et al (1992) indicated how the preventive measures and promoting programmes have also been shown to result in substantial cost-effective savings to the public since that stops any occurrences of any mental illness. The mental health professionals have different identifiable roles in the promotion of quality mental health. The World health organisation declared and has set aside a day in the whole world as the world mental health day after recognising the need to promote good mental practices. WHO indicated that the process of assisting mental health patients and the general public to gain increase awareness and control over their own health and better it is essentially worth noting (WHO 1986). As shown in figure 1 above these health and social care professionals are all involve in the daily promotion and sensitization of the challenge. The practices of improving the quality standard of life and the possible good living are interlinked, rather than only an amelioration of symptoms (Secker 1998). Psychosocial issues persuade a number of health behaviours (e.g. proper diet, adequate exercise, and avoiding cigarettes, drugs, excessive alcohol and risky sexual practices) that have a wide-ranging negative effect on the domain of health (WHO 2002). The strategy to improve upon my information technology (IT) strengths will be done through the consistent usage of the IT. With particular attention given to the micro soft excel to improve on my numerical strength with the engagement of an IT professional for additional tuition. My literacy strengths will be enhanced by the regular practice of using the micro soft word with the selling options becoming the dominant material for improvement. CONCLUSION It however became evidenced that mental health illnesses pose a serious threat and damage to our daily lives. It is no doubt mental illnesses are of different kinds and levels of severity. Some of the major types discovered included depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, personality disorders, and eating disorders. But the main frequent mental illnesses are anxiety and depressive disorders and so it was not surprising when the case study above was on postpartum depression. Even though most people go through feelings of strong tension, panic, or depression sometimes, but a mental illness is observe only when these symptoms turn out to be so worrying and devastating that individuals experience immense complicatedness enjoying their normal routine activities, for example work, enjoying relaxation time, and maintaining associations. More attention needs to be devoted to the sickness since failure to over look its existence could result to a potential disaster and furt her deaths. The decision by the world health organisation to declare a day as world mental health day is important and must be observe by all but having regard to the enormous benefits it will yield to us. The cost of treating and caring for mental ill patients increases as the days goes by as oppose to the amount involve in prevent the condition from occurring. The contributions of health and social care professionals over the years have been incredible and therefore ought to continue in order to prevent, reduce and even a further eradication of the epidemic. It must however be noted that the sickness is preventable and even treatable so do not die in silence since the problem shared, is the problem solved. REFERENCES: Austin, (2010) Psychiatric and mental health nursing for Canadian practice, Medicine series; Lippincott Williams Wilkins, edition 2 revised, ISBN 0781795931, 9780781795937 Bigbee, J. L. and Amidi-Nouri, A. (2000) History and evolution of advanced nursing practice, advanced nursing practice an integrated approach (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, pp. 3-32. Brug, J., Lechner, L., De Vries, H. (1995a) Psychosocial Determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption, Appetite, Vol. 25 No.3, pp.285-96. Carol, B. and ASH, S. (2004) Tobacco and Mental Health, Scotland; available at http://www.ashscotland.org.uk/ash/files/tobacco%20and%20mental%20health.pdf Centre for Health Promotion (1997) Proceedings from the International Workshop on Mental Health Promotion; 1997 Toronto, University of Toronto. Keyes, C. L. M. (2002) From languishing to flourishing in life The mental health continuum: , Journal of Health and Social Behavior No 43. Kitchener, B. and Jorm, A. (2002) Mental Health First Aid Manual Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University. Mental Health and Learning Disabilities (1998) a guide to working with vulnerable clients, Guidelines for mental health and learning disabilities nursing, Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. Mental Health Training (n. d) A Mental Health Training Programme for Community Health Workers, Helping People with Mental Illness, University of Manchester. Ministry of Supply and Services (1988) Mental health for Canadians, Health and Welfare Canada: striking a balance. Ottawa: Canada. Moline, L. M., David, A. K., Ruth, W. R., Lori, L. A. and Lee, S. C. (2001) Postpartum Depression: A Guide for Patients and Families, A Postgraduate Medicine Special report, Expert Consensus Guideline Series. Available at http://www.psychguides.com/DinW%20postpartum.pdf. Rahman, A., Mubbashar, M., Gater, R. and Goldberg, D. (1998) Randomised Trial of Impact of School Mental Health Programme in Rural Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Lancet 352 (9133): 1022-25. Royal College of General Practitioners (2007) Care of People with Mental Health Problems, Curriculum Statement 13 Rutz W et al (1992) Cost-benefit analysis of an educational program for general practitioners given by the Swedish Committee for Prevention and Treatment of Depression; Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 85: 457-464. Scottish Executive (2004a) Health in Scotland Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Available at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library5/health/his03-03.asp. Secker, J. (1998) Current conceptualizations of mental health and mental health promotion Health Education Research, 13: 57-66 Trent, D. (1992) The promotion of mental health fallacies of current thinking, Promotion of mental health; 2:562. Tudor, K. (1996) paradigms and practice, Mental health promotion: London: Rout ledge. Weare, K. (2000) A whole school approach, Promoting mental, emotional and social health:. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Weiss, M. G., Jadhav, S., Raguram, S., Vounatsou, P. and Littlewood, R. (2001) Anthropology and Medicine, Psychiatric Stigma across Cultures: Local Validation in Bangalore and London 8 (1): 71-87. World Health Organisation (2003) Investing in mental health, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. World Health Organization (1975) Sixteenth Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Mental Health, Organization of Mental Health Services in Developing Countries: Technical Report Series 564, WHO, Geneva. World Health Organization (1986) Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Geneva. World Health Organization (2002) Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package: Workplace Mental Health Policies and Programmes, Draft document; Geneva, WHO, Mental Health Department and Substance Dependence (unpublished document). Web 1= (www.mind.org.uk) Accessed 21- 05-2010 Web 2= http://www.cmha.ca/bins/content_page.asp?cid=3-86-87-88 Accessed on the 15-08-2010. Web3= http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/depression/mentalhealthprofessionals_000358.htm Accessed 12- 06- 2010

Compare and Contrast China

Compare and Contrast Essay The Mongols and the Franks similate in many different ways that lead to such rapid conquest throughout different regions in the world. Some of the similarities were how both of the famous rulers, Charlemagne (Franks) and Genghis Khan (Mongols) divided up their land to family descendants such as Kublai Khan. Some main areas in which they differ is through their way of living, culture and there religions that they practiced and allowed to be practiced such as Christianity and Islam.The Mongols and Franks have similar traits such as great rulers, which led to the conquest of massive land areas, and also being nomadic. They differ in agriculture techniques/ practices and religion such as Christianity and Islam. The Mongols and Franks raised their empires to be very successful in the manner of conquering many regions in a very quick time. The most important ruler for the Franks was Charlemagne and Genghis Khan was the one who started the Mongol reign throughout all of Asia.Another way that they also similate is through their nomadic lifestyles. The Mongols, as well as the Franks, traveled very quickly to maintain land in a faster manner and to increase the sizes of their empires. This increased trading routes and also led to many more diseases such as the bubonic plague. Although the Franks and Mongols shared great leaders, they have quite a few differences as well.One difference is that the Mongols were pastoral, which is living on horseback with their domesticated animals. On the other hand, the Franks were mainly an agricultural based society, raising livestock and using plows in the fields. Another way these to empires differ is through culture. The Mongols were tolerant of the cultures that they conquered, meaning that they let the people they conquered practice the religion/rituals the might do as long as they stay loyal to the Mongols.Meanwhile, the Franks gave the barbarians no say in what they can do in their free time. That means they were to all convert to Christianity or they will die. Simple as that. The Mongols also practiced Islam, along with Christianity, which would set another difference between these two diverse areas. In conclusion, the Mongols and the Franks had similarities in the rise of the empire and also had differences but these are what made each empire be successful for such a short period of time.

Baptism and High School Student Essay

My mom told be that when im with her tummy bear she’s always angry, can’t sleep well and eat lots of food. She was always fighting with my father that time. During my christening, they told me I have more than 20 Godmothers and Godfathers. Back when I’m months old, my mom said, she doesn’t like other people kissing me, except to all my Godparents, because she doesn’t like me to smell bad or even get dirty. She even told me that I cry a lot. She also told me that I only have 3 colors in all my clothes; pink, yellow and white. All my clothes are beautiful to me, I’m so clean and tidy. see more:survey questionnaire about tardiness I took a bath 3 to 4 times a day, every minute she puts powder on me . I’m so fit and sexy way back then because of my mom, she doesn’t want me to go outside and play with other children. Sometimes, I go out without their permission, just to play and bond with other kids . During my Nursery days, I always have my lunch box with me. They always put in it some cookies with a house drawn to it. But when I started to learn how to read, it was, Cream ‘O cookies . Then, during my Kinder days, I became a Twinkle Star in our Girl Scout. I was so shy and as I remember, I was so sick. Back then, if I’m not feeling well and my tummy is aching, I immediately throw up. I cry and cry because all I wanted that time is to go back home, I really hate mosquito bites. In Grade 1, during the Foundation day, our class presents a dance and I was in the back row because I don’t know how to dance. That’s my weakness, so I do everything, and practice a lot, then in grade 2, I was in the front row and became the leader of the group, and our principal was sitting in front of me. There was a point in my Grade 1 life that my teacher always gets mad at me, because I always bring attitude to school. It’s because at home, I am a spoiled brat, my parents always give me what I want . In Grade 6, I always make fights, I’m so bully and I am so confident in myself, because I am always a muse in our class . And in High school, there was a time, that some of the school leaders choose me to be their representative as Ms. Intrams. I became 1st runner up in the Ms. Girl scout of all entire Makati. I also became Lakambini SA buwan ng wika, which makes my mom proud. All about the that special event in my entire high school life, my mom is always there to support me. Even if the gown is expensive, she still bought it for me. And as I remember, she even registered me to one of this workshop, which is a ramp model. She wants me before to be an artist. Half a month of my 3rd year high school, I met a church that’s â€Å"Victory Fort†, that was the time I realize everything. What Christ did for me, â€Å"Salvation†. It made me realize how strong the Gospel is, the moment Christ sacrifice himself at the cross, to forget all our sins and to let us all live. God reveals so many things to me, and during March 23, 2013 I was baptized with the Holy Water. I was born again. I know the real Elaine, the real me. When I was in my last year of High school, it was the happiest year of my life as a high school student. All of my classmates are so close to me and we all wishes to have pictures together with all our teachers. And during our JS Prom, I felt so elegant with my dress, my friends were shocked with the way I dressed up. It was way too far from the real Elaine. Whenever I’m bored or nothing else to do, I just enjoyed playing chess with my siblings, friends or parents. The people involve in this church, they were the ones who let me see how important my life is, my body and they remind me what did Jesus Christ do to me just for me to live and how strong His Love, Mercy and Grace for us. God changed me, inside and out. 2 Corinthians 5:17 New International Version (NIV) Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come, The old has gone, the new is here! When I was in my last year of High school, it was the happiest year of my life as a high school student. All of my classmates are so close to me and we all wishes to have pictures together with all our teachers. And during our JS Prom, I felt so elegant with my dress, my friends were shocked with the way I dressed up. It was way too far from the real Elaine. Whenever I’m bored or nothing else to do, I just enjoyed playing chess with my siblings, friends or parents.

Niels Bohr and the Manhattan Project

Niels Bohr and the Manhattan Project Danish physicist, Niels Bohr won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics in recognition of his work on the structure of atoms and quantum mechanics. He was part of the group of scientists that invented the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project. He worked on the Manhattan Project under the assumed name of Nicholas Baker for security reasons. Model of Atomic Structure Niels Bohr published his model of atomic structure in 1913. His theory was the first to present: that electrons traveled in orbits around the atoms nucleusthat the chemical properties of the element was largely determined by the number of electrons in the outer orbitsthat an electron could drop from a higher-energy orbit to a lower one, emitting a photon (light quantum) of discrete energy Niels Bohr model of atomic structure became the basis for all future quantum theories. Werner Heisenberg and Niels Bohr In 1941, German scientist Werner Heisenberg made a secret and dangerous trip to Denmark to visit his former mentor, physicist Niels Bohr. The two friends had once worked together to split the atom until World War II divided them. Werner Heisenberg worked on a German project to develop atomic weapons, while Niels Bohr worked on the Manhattan Project to create the first atomic bomb. Biography 1885 - 1962 Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 7, 1885. His father was Christian Bohr, Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen University, and his mother was Ellen Bohr. Niels Bohr Education In 1903, he entered Copenhagen University to study physics. He received his Masters degree in Physics in 1909 and his Doctors degree in 1911. While still a student he was awarded a gold medal from the Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, for his experimental and theoretical investigation of the surface tension by means of oscillating fluid jets. Professional Work Awards As a post-doctoral student, Niels Bohr worked under J. J. Thomson at Trinity College, Cambridge and studied under Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester, England. Inspired by Rutherfords theories of atomic structure, Bohr published his revolutionary model of atomic structure in 1913. In 1916, Niels Bohr became a professor of physics at the University of Copenhagen. In 1920, he was named director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University. In 1922, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics ​for recognition of his work on the structure of atoms and quantum mechanics. In 1926, Bohr became a Fellow of the Royal Society of London and received the Royal Society Copley Medal in 1938. The Manhattan Project During World War II, Niels Bohr fled Copenhagen to escape Nazis prosecution under Hitler. He traveled to Los Alamos, New Mexico to work as a consultant for the Manhattan Project. After the war, he returned to Denmark. He became an advocate for the peaceful use of nuclear power.

Diante Hardy Essays - Community Building, Community, Free Essays

Diante Hardy Essays - Community Building, Community, Free Essays Diante Hardy Ms.Gormley/ Ms. Burdick Community Development Leadership Program (CDLP) 2 April 2015 Reflective Essay 3 What does it mean to understand the community? Does it mean what society thinks of their community? It could also mean the people of the community feel empowered enough to gain confidence to fight back, for what they believe in and their community of which they are a part of. I believe to understand the community; you need to build your community by enabling people to feel responsible for where they live. Chapter 5, "Understanding Community", there was a section in the chapter that helped me understand how to build the community. The reading discussed building community within your neighborhoods; if we build the community in multicultural settings, then smaller and larger cities will become diverse with different ethnic and language groups. Where I live, the Spanish culture is more common than different ethnic groups. In order to build communities within neighborhoods, you need to bring people together to discuss problems in their neighborhoods and how they can fix it. I believe that this will build towards a shared sense of community. I say this because it's good to have different ideas and perspectives from different types of people to help understand their community. Chapter 5, "Understanding Community", affects my life as well as others lives by giving some insight on how to understand the community as well as people coming together and discuss their ideas and opinions to build the community. The way we bring people together is by creating social bridges. Social bridges are to enable people to reach out for resources and information that are not available to them in their environment. A neighborhood may not have the same resources as another neighborhood may have so once neighborhoods begin to help each other out, then you can build up your community together. A community is a place, a neighborhood where people live and interact with one another. When problems begin to surface, it's because thes e people in the communities do not communicate with each other. In my community a lot of crime happens, but that is because my community doesn't create things to prevent crime from happening. Also there are hardly any programs to p revent young children from joining gangs, and that is also the parents fault as well. Once the people in the community start to understand each other as a whole, then we can build the community. I've learned a major point to help me understand the community. I've learned that in order to understand the community, the people within the communities need to be more interactive with each other to then be able to have a say for what needs to be done inside the community. "Community is the set of obligations and responsibilities that people assume when they are willing to help one another (Rubin Rubin p.9 7) ." When people work together, they achieve their goal. Understanding the community is about being strategic and getting people from neighborhoods to work together. Chapter 5, "Understanding Community" gave me some insight on how to build and understand the community. The point that resonated with me can enable the society to come together as one to understand their community and make it a better place.

Operational Research & the Decision Sciences Essay

Operational Research & the Decision Sciences - Essay Example While this will be based on the latest decision making tools and methods, all available options should be considered as input to the operation research model adopted for a particular case.......................(1) All business organizations would expect their executives to have enhanced decision-making capability to lead the business from the front on a gainful and productive basis. Operation research is the powerful tool to achieve this. While there are many professional tools and software available to help the business leaders for better decision making, Operation research is unique as it considers only the specific inputs and data that is applicable for a particular challenging problem, while considering the best options and information which is most beneficial for the organization. Hence, the operation research professionals customize each solution, that is unique and tailor made for the imposing challenge. When the available choices are many and it is difficult to work on a particular option, the optimization technology is adopted for minimizing the risks involved, eliminating the unworkable options, while finding the best choice available. This relates to the collection of huge data concerned with the imposing challenge; categorize this data into various degrees of risk involving groups, while finding the connected information, about each group. This method helps in comparing the risk management of the data collected and comparing each group This leads to testing of many options and conclusions for reaching the best solution possible...............(2) When a process is not working efficiently due to non decision making ability at the ground level for day to day operations, there is a need to employ operational research techniques for improving the overall efficiency of the effected process, which in turn can result in better functioning of related processes in the operational chain. This will finally help in the improvement

The Forces of Capitalism and Global Economic Interdependence Research Paper

The Forces of Capitalism and Global Economic Interdependence - Research Paper Example According to the United Nations Human Development Index, the development includes a variety of attributes and is not solely an economic consideration. The Human Development Index, or HDI, explores development using a wide net and combines a variety of social indicators in its index to account for development including life expectancy, rates of literacy, GDP per capita, educational opportunity, standards of living, and opportunities for advances for women, etc. HDI is used to measure the development of a particular country and focuses on a variety of indicators to do so. Sustainable development, the belief that development can sustain itself, promotes development not only now but also in the future. Development which is long-term and not focuses only on the immediacy is said to be sustainable. The UN Human Development Index explores the sustainability of development and views development through a wide lens. Since the purpose of this analysis is economic development however, the follo wing will focus more on economic modes of development, while keeping in mind the important indexes put forth by the United Nations. The following will discuss capitalist development as the primary engine of economic growth in a global era (United Nations 2008). Capitalism is arguably the most well-known model of economic development and growth and is responsible for the globalization of international trade, foreign capital and the growth and development of much of the Western world (excluding Cuba and including Australia, which is commonly included in economic analyses of the â€Å"West†).