The Violence Against Women Criminology Essay

The Violence Against Women Criminology EssayGillespies, Richards, Givens and Smith sought out to expose if the media, with its strong presence in influencing peerlesss perception on certain fond concerns, en pen up stories of femicide within the context of interior(prenominal) effect because minimal query has been carried out to examine femicide within the trampwork of furiousness against women. These quaternary contemplate their research in a deductive fashion they understood the look that the articulate of honor media worked and that this same media can choose to mental synthesis interior(prenominal) military force in a way that could offer up evidence to show the principal(prenominal) ramifications on manipulating societys perception on domestic violence, as well as, solutions and state-supported obligation.From 226 cases, they match up to 113 newspaper articles that defined murder as domestic violence contrasted with the opposite 113 cases that had no expos ure defining the femicide as domestic violence through applied research. This theme was intended to expand our cognizance concerning the medias depiction of femicide and the medias strong grip on the conception of violence against women as a social dilemma.The level at which the researchers collected info was on the micro level. Women were the case in this research arena they were the victims of violence. Also the news reports on women as victims in domestic violence cases were measured. The population of occupy was media frames from northernmost Carolina spanning a six year termination assessing 113 cases that classified the femicide as domestic violence to 113 cases that did non. This sampling is not seen to be representative of the population. The researchers all told contrasted media frames in North Carolina, no another(prenominal) states. The rate or likelihood of domestic violence differs upon the region, victims age, income and if it is inform. Based on that this research study has tho been conducted from inside the walls of North Carolina, it cannot be fully representative of the population and the other 49 states.The researchers employ purposive sampling and simple random man conducting their study. The purposive sampling is the 113 cases that fit the specific criteria of those cases of femicide from North Carolina spanning a six-year period that contained at least one news article defining the femicide as domestic violence. The other 113 cases that were contrasted were selected at random. The sampling ensured diversity. The state was chose purposively and the cases were chosen randomly. The pattern of this experiment comes from secondary analysis, the concern was for the port arising among specific group of people, and this behavior is domestic violence against women.The participants stayed the same but the setting change. The study purposely examines the use of frames in media reportage of femicide stories. the media routinely util ize neighbors who may not know the victim and/or culprit particularly well, rather than close friends or family members, as sources in instances of domestic violence. The new research head by Gillespies, Richards, Givens and Smith was based on prior research of the mental representation of femicide in the news and its use of frames used in media coverage reservation the data quantitative.There are five media frames specifically associated with domestic violence, which take on (1) focusing on the behavior of the victim, including blaming the victim or excusing the perpetrator (2) normalizing the particular as commonplace (3) suggesting the incident was an isolated event (4) indicating the victim and/or perpetrator are somehow different from the norm and (5) asserting that domestic violence perpetrators are disordered and should be easily identifiable.The researchers examined the validity of these existent by examining the components of additional media frames-the sources used, language and word choice, and the context of the incident-in a exemplar of North Carolina newspaper stories. This research study used the clock place of trend logical study for articles that present the femicide as domestic violence and those that do not. The researchers used reports, within a six year time span, from newspapers to carry out their study 2002-2007.The basic sign of this study meets the trey criteria for establishing causality. The negative correlations of the study are four things the more the media chooses to do these four things the more the expiration leave alone be swept under the rug. close to news sources underutilize those with an educated opinion and informed background in the difficulty of domestic violence, and then journalists habitually shun victim advocates and academics for trepidation of bias. Journalists word choice or speech also manipulates the framing of domestic violence Word assortment in both the title/headline and all through an articl e can potentially sway the general publics ground of an incident and the partakers involved. As is often the case with intimate violent behavior, the blood amid victim and offender is highly multifaceted and turbulent.The number one issue connected with intimate partner homicide is previous accounts of domestic violence. Sorry to say, all too often information pertaining to a couples history is either at peace(p) astray or downgraded to the end of an article. For temporal order the change media has to structure domestic violence in a way that will provide evidence to show the important corollary of societys perception on domestic violence, and solutions to deposit this hassle also to note that this is not personal but the publics responsibility because in many cases the media fail to notice the occasion to use their situation to portray femicide as an issue worthy of public outrage and step up policy development.Gillespies, Richards, Givens and Smith eliminated other rival hy pothesis the findings may be influenced by the social climate and level of activism in the state from which the data were derived. The North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCCADV) may create high levels of ken in North Carolina than domestic violence groups in other states by reaching out to local media outlets and law enforcement agencies. The interpretations presented here cannot be wholly free from potential researcher bias. However, to minimize that potential one specific threat to internal validity was selection bias because the study relied heavily on previous research to guide coding and result interpretations of the results.The concepts in the study were femicide, frame analysis and mass media. The index used 7 composed frames were identified while only 4had been identified in previous research. (1) A commonplace frame, (2) an isolated incident frame, (3) a frame that blames the criminal justice system, and (4) a victim blaming frame. (5) a frame blaming pe rpetrator loss of control or moral breakdown, and (6) a frame that minify the femicide by focusing on a crisis in the lives of the victim/perpetrator(7) a domestic violence as a broader social problem frame.The results of the study are externally valid if there is more awarnees to domestic violence and it is brought to the light then e that research in this area will continue to encourage meaningful partnerships between researchers, advocates, and the media and that best case practices for reporting on violence against women will be developed and disseminated on a national level. A specific threat to external validity is consume selectivity. First, it is essential to think about that the findings may be subjective by the social climate and level of activism in the state from which the data were derived. The North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCCADV) may create higher levels of awareness in North Carolina than domestic violence groups in other states by reaching ou t to local media outlets and law enforcement agencies. It is reasonable to suggest that the prevalence of DV defined articles framing the femicide within the context of a broader social problem (about 25% within DV defined articles and about 12% of the overall sample) may be influenced by the partnership that has developed between the NCCADV, law enforcement, and the media. Therefore, the findings reported here may not be generalizable to other states.

Construction of Investment Portfolio

reflexion of Investment PortfolioTo Mr Bernard RiemannFrom Investment ManagerDate 28 November 2007Subject braid of Investment PortfolioOverviewThe investment funds portfolio recommended is based on the discussion with you. The key points that emerged from our discussions argon as follows integrality investment required to be do is 1,000,000The portfolio should embarrass at least 5 equity securities and at least 3 debt securities. Besides these some other investment products may also be include. The portfolio break up should be at a minimum impartiality investments 400,000Investment in Debt securities 200,000Investment in other products 350,000Cash 50,000You do non want to invest in very perily investments, besides ar go awaying to accept some additional risk if thither is adequate compensation in the form of increased retrogresssInvestment allow be made for a speciality to long term. Two months be considered as sensitive to long term.Investment in the recommended portf olio willing be made on 28th November 2007Your number wealth is approximately 500,000. This includes blood line 3,000,000Residential Property 800,000 adds to Relatives 200,000Amounts proposed to invest 1,000,000Suggested PortfolioYou are advised to adopt a lower risk and a more diversified institutional approach. This will require you to earn a portfolio of assets. In general, riskier investments, such as equities offer up the best returns everyplace the long term, but they are also about volatilisable. However, beca engage you are only planning to invest in short to medium term, you will not be much affected by the unpredictability. Nevertheless(prenominal), combining different types of investment in a portfolio can help you derogate and variations especially if the securities in your portfolio are non-correlated (i.e. their worths coin independently).On the basis of in a higher place information and the investing assumptions (Refer appendix A), the most appropriate as set fashion model for you appears to be Medium RiskIndividual securities and investment productsYou are thusly advised to make your investments in the securities given in the table infraAsset ClassInvestmentSectorAmount ()Percentage of inwardnessEquity Securities (FTSE speed of light)British AirwaysAirlines76,2607.6%Land Sec (R.E.I.T.)Real Estate94,2509.4%BarclaysBanking78,6007.9% sharp-witted GroupTechnology77,4807.7%Morrison Super commercializesRetail73,2557.3%Debt Securities and Funds9% Treasury Loan bring together 2008Bond100,00010%SWIP antisubmarine sumptuous Securities100,00010%HSBC Gilt Fixed Interest Inc150,00015%New Star UK Property A AccProperty Funds150,00015%Cash100,15510%Total1,000,000100%(Source hick finance)Rationale for the selection of each security/product(Refer addendum B)Equity SecuritiesThe equity securities are all FTSE 100 securities. These securities belong to volt diverse vault of heavens, namely, Airlines, Real Estate, Banking, Retail and a sunr ise sector of Technology. These sectors are not correlated thus reduce the portfolio risk.The rationale for selection of these and not other FTSE 100 securities areBritish Airways Plc. is the leading airline in the United Kingdom and is champion of the biggest in the world. It also has holdings in other airlines, such as the Australian, Qantas, and the Spanish Iberia. In addition the airline has belatedly signed a partnership with the American Airlines and companies such as chinaware Pacific Airways and Finnair. Therefore, it has bright prospects. Though the price rationalise in the medium term is pessimistic volatility has been increasing during last month.The Property sector is represented by Land Securities. Land Securities has a huge step of real estate all everywhere the UK. It manages a series of properties. The association has played a major role in transforming cities such as Birmingham, Canterbury, Bristol and York by working closely with the city authorities, and w ith the support of the government. The market is bearish but volatility is increasing. One may make massive gain in the short term.The banking or financial sector is represented in the portfolio by Barclays. Barclays began its operations in the 17th century in London. It is an world-wide bank with 800 global branches. It is a strong entity in 60 global countries, in Europe, the United States, Africa, and Asia. The group remains a very big member of the UK banking community. Even though the Banking sector may have not performed very well in the past, its prospects are good. An investment portfolio should have at least one category of securities from this sector. Though medium term price trend for Barclays is bearish the boom conditions may benefit the portfolio as its volatility has been increasing.Sage group represents the sunrise sector in the portfolio. It is a British compevery that is considered a leader in management software sector. It has its social move in all major Eu ropean countries and India, South Africa, Australia, the Middle East, and sum America. Sunrise industry presents extremely good prospects.The Morrison Supermarkets Group represents the retail sector in the portfolio. The group specializes in supermarket distribution, offering quality products and increasing diversity. It has purchased Safeway, an possessor of more than 500 supermarkets in Great-Britain. Medium term price trend is bullish. This market keeps a relative behaviour greater 16.232 than FTSE 100 INDEX. excitableness has been increasing during last month. It is a good time to make usefulness in the short term.Debt Securities/Funds9% Treasury Loan Bond 2008 are Gilt edged flummoxs issued by the UK Government that will suppurate in 2008. These draws offer the investor a fixed interest rate of 9% for a predetermined, set time. These bonds are especially recommended as you require a fixed, predictable income. These bonds also ensure a guaranteed return of capital. Though these securities standardised shares are prone to fluctuation, they are much more secure. Though the bond has a redemption date (July 2008), it can be sold at any time for the present market price. Investors are not laced down and there are no penalties for selling the argument. Gilts prove to be the best option in times such as the accredited times when interest rates are high and look believably to fall. Due to a decline in the interest rates the order of the stock will rise and can be sold profitably.SWIP Defensive Gilt Securities and also HSBC Gilt Fixed Interest securities have been included in the portfolio as they will provide a regular income. The investments do not have a minimum or maximum investment period.New Star UK Property is another place where investment should be made. Though in recent times a few largish fund holders have got out of UK commercial property funds, for the next one year the fund is expect to give more or less stable returns.As you want a ret urn of 500 per month, the portfolio requires that 100,155 should be deposited in the bank. This will carry an interest of 5.75% (at the current rate) and will decorous your requirement for 500 per month for the tuition fee of his niece.Expected returns of the portfolio over the 2 month investment periodThe portfolio is expected to give a return of 1.26% in the two months (Refer xls in accessory C and E). distributively month the portfolio will give 500 per month from the cash deposited in the bank.Risk attached to the portfolioThe risk percentage is 0.98% for the entire portfolio (Refer xls in Appendix C). Thus at no point of time investment portfolio will fall below the acceptable value over a two-month period.Total risk of 0.98% indicates how much risk your portfolio will bear over the two month period. This risk is primarily due to high level of expected variance in the share prices of British airways shares and also shares of Morrison Supermarkets. The debt securities and fu nds have an almost negligible variance and standard deviation. Therefore, this evens out the excessive risk in equity securities.Since, debt securities do not have much risk, the man-to-man equity securities need to be closely monitored for risk. The easiest way is to monitor their beta levels. A beta measures a stocks volatility relative to the market. Stocks with betas of 1 move up or down more or less in along with the market. Stocks with betas of less than 1 tend to be less volatile than the market as a whole. Volatile stocks have betas higher than 1. However, betas alike should be examined with care as if the market itself is volatile, then a stock with a beta of 1 or less still could be very risky.In conclusion, you should take the above portfolio as a recommendation. The market may change very fast and therefore needs to be closely monitored.APPENDICESAppendix A Assumptions for the ReportMr. Riemann does not have any industry preferencesIt should be 10 asset portfolioThe c ustomer would be sorrowful if the investment portfolio were to fall more than 10% in value over a two-month period.The customer would expect a monthly return of close to 1%.The customer expects at least 50,000 of the total 1,000,000 to be hold as cashThe economic conditions are defined as bonanza 0.6 chemical formula 0.3 and recession 0.1For equity securities only use FTSE 100 and 250 and for debt use popular markets. UK Bonds have been preferred.Appendix B Movement of Equity Securities(Source rube finance)Appendix CAppendix D Other Documentary conclusionBritish AirwaysLand SecuritiesBarclays(Source yokel finance)Morrison Supermarkets(Source Yahoo finance)Sage Group(Source Yahoo finance)Std Lf UK Gilt Rtl IncSWIP Defensive Gilt A IncHSBC Gilt Fixed Int Inc(Source Yahoo finance)New Star UK Property A Acc(Source Yahoo finance)Appendix E Calculation of the matter under Boom, Normal Conditions and Recession occur on equity securitiesReturn under normal conditions has been calc ulated. This is based on the movement of the stock prices. The return on the equity stock will build up from sale of shares at a higher price over the attached future. On the basis of the past data the share prices under normal conditions have been estimated two months from November 2007. The % increase in the share prices is taken as the return during normal times. Variance in share prices are thereafter taken into account and the boom and recession values are calculated.Return on debt securities and fundsThis is based on the three year total return percentage. Two months percentage is worked out and then adjustments are made for variance.Return on 9% Treasury Loan Bond 2008The bond pays a 9% coupon (divided into two semi-annual payments) and matures in July 2008. The bond has been bought at par. The income 9% per annum on the investment will be there until maturity.Return for 2 months = (9% / 12)*2 =1.5%If an amount less than par were paid for the return would be=Par/purchase pr ice * coupon = running income tax returnReferencesThe financial Times, Markets Equities, accessed from http//www.ft.com/markets/equitiesYahoo Finance, FTSE 100 Companies, accessed from http//uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=%5eftset=c=Barclays Financial Planning, Investment Planning, accessed from http//www.barclays.co.uk/financialplanning/investment-planning.htmlInvestment Planning, accessed from http//www.bestinvest.co.uk/planning/portplan/index.htm

Analysis Of So Far From The Bamboo Grove History Essay

Analysis Of So farthermost From The Bamboo Grove Hi figment showSo Far From the Bamboo Grove was written by Yoko Kawashima Watkins. The invention took home plate in the final mean solar days of institution state of war II from 1945 to 1953. The story happened in a time when Koreans were determined to lay claim back their county from lacquer. They were threadbare of the japanese raft having reign of them by and by the war. The affects of human War II left some(prenominal) countries devastated and in ruins especi in ally lacquer and Korea.The author of So Far From the Bamboo Grove Yoko Kawashima Watkins wrote this book to tell the world her story of how World War II affected her and her family. The Kawashimas are a lacquerese family musical accompaniment in Korea. Yoko Kawashima Watkins was born in Japan in 1933. Yoko and her family lived in Manchuria. Her nonplus Worded as a Japanese government official in the northeasternerly region of China. Her family then loco mote northern Korea to Nanam where she was castn the nick chance upon critical one or Yoko. Her become was then assigned to eff the Japanese political benefits. Her family was living well in Korea until Japan started losing World War II on July of 1945. Yoko, her baby KO and their m separate had to egress Korea to the mainland of Japan where they w distress be safe from being killed by other Koreans and Russians. Yoko finished middle and high naturalize in Japan and att finish Kyoto University where her major was the English wording. She graduated and worked at the US Air force out Base as a translator, where she meets Donald Watkins an Ameri nooky pilot. In 1953 Donald Watkins and Yoko got married and moved to the joined States. They lived in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Oregon and then later moved to Brewster, mommy where they in time live today. Together they had tetrad kids. Yoko wrote her book So Far From the Bamboo Grove in 1986 and win many awards like the ALA Notab le Childrens prevail and the Parents Choice Gold Award. Yoko now travels to public schools telling her story to little kids.So Far From the Bamboo Grove is about the author, Yoko Kawashima life and struggles in Nanam, Korea. The story starts when Yoko and her family were living peacefully in Northern Korea when Japan started losing the war. Yoko and her family had to escape Japan or face being capture by the communists Russian legions or the Korean military. (Watkins 68) Yoko father was already separated from the family except a couple hours after Yoko brother Hideyo left to go to work at ammunition factory, Yoko sister KO, Yoko and their mother were force to flee from their house by physical Matsumura who was a kind and loving friend to the Kawashima family. Corporal Matsumura hear that the Korean Army was looking for the Kawashima family because of the intel that their father pick up. KO, Yoko and their mother followed Corporal Matsumura directions and fled to the consume s tation where they will found Major Ryu who would get them on a power train to Seoul. (Watkins 81) On their way to Seoul the train was onslaught and was otiose to work. KO, Yoko and their mother started walking to Seoul which was about forty quintuplet miles away. On their walk to Seoul they were attack by Korean soldiers nonwithstanding were saved by a bomb that went off and killed the soldiers. They took the dead soldiers clothes and shroud their trip. later on many days and nights KO, Yoko and their mother made it to the Seoul train station. At the station they heard that Japan had lost the war. After five weeks at the Seoul station KO, Yoko and their mother tried to wait for Hideyo however were force to leave again. This time to the main land of Japan but before they left they wrote all over the station hoping that Hideyo would see it and have sex where to go. When they arrive on the homeland of Japan, KO and Yoko mother left them at the train station to enroll them in school and see if her parents were still alive. (Watkins101) Their mother came back in a few days and told Yoko and KO that their grandparents were dead. Few days went by and Yoko and KO mother became very ill and died a couple days later. KO and Yoko were given a drop off place to live by an old couple who knew Yoko and KO mother. Yoko went to school and earns straight As her first year in that respect. She also won an see contest and 10,000 yen. (Watkins139) A few days and Corporal Matsumura axiom Yoko turn out in a newspaper and went to her school to check and see how she was doing. Corporal Matsumura helps the devil sisters anytime he was able to. He put missing the great unwashed reports hoping to find Hideyo and their father.Their brother Hideyo was working at an ammunition factory, when the factory was attack by Korean Communist soldiers. Hideyo and three of his friends Shoichi, Makoto, and Shinzo manage to escape by means of a bathroom window before the factory was blown up. Hideyo and his friends salary increase back to his house and found that his house had been ransacked. He examined the rooms carefully, the break scroll painting in the receiving room had been slashed to pieces, closet doors stood indeterminate and their contents had been stolen. (Watkins57) Hideyo move to examine the room and found that his mother have let him a secret note wish told him to meet them at the train station in Seoul. Hideyo grab whatever he can to make his trip to Seoul. Hideyo and his friends went to each of their house to check on their fill out ones. Shinzos and Shoichis parents had fled south, where their relatives lived but Makotos parents were dead. Shinzo and Shoichi told Makoto and Hideyo that they can live with them in the south but Hideyo utter he must found his family at the train station in Seoul. The next morning Hideyo headed to Seoul by himself. On his way there he began to get weak and then a buzzard started. He was later found by the K im family. The Kim family was taking a very dangerous risk taken in Hideyo. If they were caught by the Korean military, they could have all been killed on the spot for helping Japanese. When Hideyo came to, he started working and he wise(p) the way of the Korean people and how to speak the language. He helped the Kim family anyway he can until he had enough strength to continue his journey. Hideyo continued his journey to the Seoul train station hoping that his sisters and mother was still alive. When he arrived he couldnt find his sisters or mother anywhere. He stayed there for about cardinal weeks until right when he was about to give up he saw writing the wall that looked like Yoko hand writing telling him to go to the mainland. Hideyo took the next ship to Japan where he continue to see Yoko hand on the ship and the station where he arrived. He wonders the streets of Japan looking for his family. Then one month later he read in a newspaper about a little girl who won 10,000 yen in an essay contest. He ran as fast as he can to the newspaper office when he saw his sister name.One year had passed since Yoko seen her brother or father, then one day when Yoko and KO came from school, a man was standing in front of their door. They started blatant and hugging each other. It was there brother Hideyo who final reach his family. Yokos father was later released from a prison camp in Siberia sextet age later.1945 was a terrible time live especially if you were a Japanese girl living in Northern Korea. The Koreans hated the Japanese people for conquering their bucolic. The Russians were about to join England and the United States in the war against Japan. The United Sates were already starting to bomb industrial sites in northern Korea. The recital and interest in Korea started because Koreas geographic position has made it main fundament of power struggles between Russia, China and Japan. (Watkins174) In the 17th century, the Russia fought with China for command of many territories of Manchuria and southern Siberia. Japan was interested in Korea more than devil thousand years.(Watkins174) The Japanese warlord Hideyoshi invaded Korea in 1592 in an attempt to control the country and conquer China. The invasion failed and caused Korea to have hatred toward Japan. Early in the s so farteenth century Korea began to be dominated by China and was called the Hermit Kingdom. After Hideyoshis death in 1598, Japan began its own period of isolation that cease with the arrival of the American Commodore Matthew C. Perry, who opened trade with the West in 1854. (Watkins175) In 1876, Japan showed renewed interest in Korea by forcing a commercialized treaty. The first Sino Japanese War started in 1894 and was fought for control of Korea. The war ended one year later in 1895. By the 1900, the Japanese had a strong base in Koreas capital city, Seoul. (2) They controlled the Korean royal family and had begun to take over their political and economi c life of the people. (3) Korea was at war again with Japan and Russia. When Japan won, Theodore Roosevelt from the United States sustained a claim with Japan for special interest in Korea and Manchuria. (4) In response, Japan agreed not to terrorize the United States position in the Philippines. The Treaty of Portsmouth allowed Japan to win over Korea into a colony. Korea was no longer a nation but continued to exist as a nation in the hearts of its people. most(prenominal) people continued to live in their homeland under the harsh Japanese rule. Other people who couldnt stand the Japanese military and treasured Korea to have their own Independence moved to China, United States, Siberia and Manchuria. Manchuria was north of Korea and was a refuge for Korean nationalists. Many people turned to the communists for aid and as guerilla soldiers and fought the Japanese military with increasing intensity during the 1930s and 1940s. (9) The Chinese Communists controlled a number of the supporter groups. These groups were called the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. The Soviets also back up the Korean independence movement. Japan established military and governmental control in Korea and denied Koreans basic rights, the right to bear arms, freedom of press and freedom of the speech. The Japanese closed Korean schools and opened new ones making Korean students study the Japanese language and were forbidden to study Korean language or history. Japans stop to the Allies in 1945 and ended the thirty six years of Japanese rule in Korea. (2) The emperor announced the surrender of Japan on August 6 and Nagasaki on August 9. (5) Korea did not gain its independence because the Allies decided that, after so many years of foreign rule, Korea would not be able to govern itself immediately. (6) great Britain, China, the United States, and the Soviet Union set up a trusteeship, which meant the four countries would supervise the governing of Korea. Korea was divided along the thirty-eighth parallel. The area north of this breed was occupied by the Soviet Union. The land south of this line was occupied by the United States. In 1948 Korea was officially divided into two separate republics North Korea and South Korea.Many book open antithetical doors to other countries and cultures. Many books like So Far From the Bamboo Grove give an understanding of the consequences of domination and war. War alone is bad and the after do can leave a country in ruins. Japan was in this position because of their domination and determination to still win the war even after they were hit with two atomic bombs. Japan was given a chance to surrender even before the bombs were drop on the city of Hiroshima and on Nagasaki. These bombings happen three days apart given Japan plenty of time to surrender because of this over a 100,000 people were killed. Japan surrender on August 14, 1945 five days later after the bombings. The after affects not only left Japan cripple but Korea as well. In 1950 on June 25 the Korean War broke just 5 days after World War II. The leave Fire Line was established after the end of the Korean War three years later in 1953 on July 27.Stories like Yoko Kawashima Watkins discipline the important value of life and family. Also how the story of courage and survival bring out the best of a individual person in the time of war. Also how Yokos brother is an inspiring reminder of the strength and resiliency of the human spirit.

The Difficulties Which International Students Face

The Difficulties Which International Students FaceIntroductionThis member is close the difficulties which transnational savants present, especially for Asian students, including thinking styles, breeding attitudes and paper and presenting styles. In spite of its publication date, it is still helpful for us to understand the international students situation foreign. In the text, the authors argue all the issues atomic number 18 rooted in traditional culture. In general, the authors arguments argon sensitive, but to some specific cases their views atomic number 18 no longer suitable. The reasons involve the ripening of education within the fierce twenty years and their limitations of visual views. In this paper, evaluations just just about every main(prenominal) idea argon presented. About the situations which the authors ideas atomic number 18 non suitable, some suggestions atomic number 18 indicated. As for the applicable arguments, to a greater extent evidences are provided to back up.BackgroundIn this day and age, quite a few of Asian students go abroad to study. However, there are some typical difficulties they must overcome because of their natural tendency. In Ballard and Clanchys question, the innate tendency totally stem from eastern tradition, which is a typical viewpoint in the past. Some subsequent inquiry taken by David Kember and Lyn Gow indicates that the issues result from the curriculum and teaching environment 1. With the development of the education system in Asian countries, the issues seem to be go along away during recent years. Asian international students become to a greater extent and more familiar to occidental culture, and they can cope with the assignment from their lecturer more smoothly. This makes investigations in past time become unsuitable, so some modify surveys are necessary to cover new situations.SummaryThe title of the article is Cultural Variation Difficulties for Student Studying Abroad. It is f rom a contain named Study Abroad A Manual for Asian Students written by Ballard and Clanchy (1984).In this article, the authors argue three main difficulties that Asian international students face in their examine make. Further, the authors suggest Asian students adjusting their studying style for happy study abroad.The first main idea in the text is about funs of thinking styles. As the authors say, contrastive thinking and erudition purposes lead to antithetic results, which stem from varying cultures. A particular example of a Japanese student who adjusted his purpose and adapted his essay structure to visualize his lecturers requirement is utilized to support the main point.The variation in larn attitudes is argued as the second main idea. In the authors opinion, distinguishable educational traditions create different tick offing attitudes. Then different acquirement blastes, including reproductive, analytic and speculative, are presented in particular education l evels, although they are not separated totally. The authors quote three Asian students words and describe an Indonesian postgraduates situation to back up their main idea.The former(a) main idea concerns differences in composition and presenting styles. Five distinct composition patterns, including English, Romance, Russian, Semitic and Oriental patterns, are described in the text (Kaplan 66 1-20). As indicated, a typical example of a Thailand student whose thesis was crossed out by his Australian supervisor suggests that different penning styles differ widely.As the authors suggestions, a more analytical and critical learning approach is expected for Asian international students to succeed in their study. critique (general)Generally speaking, the three main difficulties pointed out in this article are reasonable. Although this article was published in 1984, the problems still exist in circulating(prenominal) international students. The influence stemming from traditional cultu re is evidential, which cannot be eliminated within about twenty years. The thinking and writing styles which are trained during their studying process imperceptibly, still influence international students.Something different, however, has authorizeed in these twenty years. Internationalization has been an unbeatable tendency, for which relationships between countries has become more and more closed. In the trend, education internationalisation is a representative one. Compared with the situation in 1984, much more students go abroad to study, especially for students from developing countries. With the number of international students increasing, abroad studying is no longer mysterious or unattainable. Most students who are restore to go abroad can get much useful instruction from internet and relevant agents. As the result of this, students are sex act familiar to the education environment abroad. Additionally, they usually can get experiential association from forthgoers. Thus, they are able to adjust themselves to the expectations of foreigner universities more easily, In addition, a series of language tests and record examinations are developed to ensure that students who are admitted by foreign universities can survive in another country. reappraisal (specific)As the statement above, the main ideas argued in this article is still reasonable at present, however, the situation has changed. So to a certain extent, the descriptions in the text are no longer suitable.As the authors assertion, the variations in thinking styles stemming from traditional cultures, made the Japanese student fail in his first year. Considering the stem of variations, it must be true, but this example should be an extreme one. Normally, the thinking style of eastern students is implicative. They always make effort to avoid evaluating topics directly. When they are considering a topic, they usually think over the influence of background firstly. With the introductions of w estern educational culture, however, most students are likely to compare the views and evaluate the topic, although they whitethorn describe the background at first. In Chinese secondary school, umpteen assignments are to conclude the main ideas of prepared texts and evaluate these main ideas from your consume viewpoint. Through training like this students obtain the capability to assess the relative merits. So the description as the text presented, only may happen in extreme case. With the increasing of the familiarity to western thinking pattern, the similar extreme case should be less likely to happen.About the different learning strategies mentioned in this article, the authors claim that it is needed to develop a more analytical and critical learning style for many Asian students. It should be a believable recommendation at that moment. However, in todays school, not only universities or colleges, but too secondary schools, it is paid watchfulness to analysis ability. Basic ally, the teachers and lecturers encourage students to ask questions and think more deeply. In this way, students are required not only to remember the knowledge points, but also to understand how the process is going. In addition, many universities in China urinate funds to support undergraduates to take experiments. Then, students who want to do some research in particular fields are encouraged to apply them. In this way, students speculative capabilities are cultivated. Furthermore, according to relevant research, there is no significant difference between Australian and Asian students 2. As reported, Asian students are not rote learners. In other words, the reproductive learning schema is not directed towards Asian students. Then, for Australian students, the best way to learn is also to remember and understand by heart. For these reasons, the authors assertions about these three learning approaches are not in accordance with facts and suitable to the development of education. Concerning writing styles, the authors cite Robert Kaplans theory to explain the varying writing styles successfully. For oriental writers, explaining the issue directly is a blunt way which lacks of ideations. In their views, a better way to express their ideas is to describe the background and the influence factors as implications. The end results should be obtained by readers themselves. As the authors suggest, this indirect writing approach is not suitable to academic thesis in Australian universities. In western scholars views, the relevant descriptions are not relevant at all. It is a real difference between western and eastern writing skills, art object it is unnecessary to discuss which one is more advanced. Expect from the variations between different cultures, the differences between each academic discipline are also mentioned in the text. In this day and age, more and more interdisciplines are developed, for which flexible writing styles are required. Additionally, as a relatively objective writing style, cognition and engineering articles should be paid more attention to attract readers.ConclusionsIn this paper, in connection with every main point mentioned in the authorized article, evaluations are provided. Generally speaking, the authors main ideas are still applicable at present stage, although in this article there are some exposit should be changed to suit modern education. When the authors are comparing with Asian students work and Australian lectures expectations, extreme examples are cited. This is the biggest weakness, because it ignores the general status. Implications of this article are that student who study abroad should learn how to adjust himself to the requirement.ReferencesDavid Kember, Lyn Gow A Challenge to anecdotal Stereotype of the Asian Student, 1991.F. Sushila Niles Cultural Differences in encyclopaedism Motivation and Learning Strategies A Comparison of Overseas and Australian Students at an Australian University, 1995.

Construction Industry Benchmark Report

formula Industry bench mark underwriteConstruction Industry BenchmarkThe Review of the UK Construction Industry Benchmark ReportsThe first and fore some study calculate that exami expect the performance of the UK twist labor was en be shapeiveed in 1929 and several different get all overs had fol pocket-sizeded suite up till the present time (Cain, 2003).Due to the multitudes of problems plaguing the UK spin application, the UK government had at different times assemb conduct teams of expert to vanquishow a panacea and impecc competent modus operandi on the UK winding exertion. Consequently, the UK government keeps reviewing each reveals category after years for an up to date solutions for the UK wind effort by learning from the limitations of each ascendant and re-examining the non-conforming of the exertion to the findings and recommendations of the reveals.Cain (2003) nones that the inspiration behind all(a) the typographys were the thickening concerns ab come a prudence the impact on their commercial performance of the in susceptibility and extravagance in the UK kink patience.This chapter presents the review of divers(a) benchmark tales and initiatives of the UK government and anatomical structure manufacture as a response and panacea to the problems and imbroglio popular in the UK whirl attention. Fragmentation, inefficiency and adversarialism had conduct to unnecessary racy reflexion personify and poor functionality (Cain, 2003). Preceding chapters come e guilelessated on these problems and succinctly explored the benchmark ideas in emphasizing the destiny for the UK saying application to shift from its adversarial position and extort a more(prenominal) duplicate approach. The comprehends to a fault charged the construction thickening to embrace co-operation and teamwork for an enhanced kind among the lend chain members.This chapter reviews different reports that had molded and be soundless shapin g the direction of the UK construction labor. The recommendations of the reports which be regarded as a universal remedy for the adversarial bring protrude up of the UK construction labor are well highlighted. The BDB initiative will be left out since it has been discussed in earlier chapters. Major reports will be dilated more upon much(prenominal) as the Latham report, Egan Report and the Strategic Forum for Construction (SFC) report.CONSTRUCTING THE TEAM (The Latham Report of 1994)One of the earliest reports was Alfred Bossom Reaching for the Skies report of 1934 and different other reports much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Simon report of 1944 and Barnwell report of 1967 came afterwards onwards the Latham report of 1994 (Cain, 2003).In 1994, Sir Michael Latham report came into beingness with audacious recommendations to provide panacea to the quandary besmirching the UK construction industry. The Latham report vital message was that the customer should be at the cente r of the construction process (NAO, 2001). It recommended more standardised construction contracts, bust counseling on shell practice and legislative qualifyings to simplify dispute final result (NAO, 2001).Cain (2003) notes that various reports before the Latham report all failed to flip whatsoever impacts on the performance of the UK construction industry because of the industry move sightlessness to its shortcomings. The UK construction industry had keen-sighted been fraught with adversarial relationships, process fragmentation and ineffective think. The continued reliance on the aforementi hotshotd failings had do the UK construction industry to still be enmeshed in its precarious state. It was still surmised by Cain in 2003 that the Latham report came as a catalyst in dissuading the construction nodes from their unfavoured electric pig and charged them to lead the reform case.The Latham report Constructing the Team wished-for an understandable action plan with t imescales, scheduled deal to implement its recommendations and consequently sought-after(a) the views of contractors and recognise close and earthly concern sector clients (NAO, 2001). It charged both the private construction client and the UK government that its recommendations implementation load is on them and recommended that the latter(prenominal) should commit itself to becoming a scoop out practice client (NAO, 2001).The Latham report determine inefficiencies which indicated the pauperisation for partnering and collaboration among the players in the construction industry. Teamwork was withal identified and the report acted as a precursor for more initiatives. The Latham report led to the human race of the Construction Industry Board (CIB). Government benchmark reports and initiatives much(prenominal) as the Levene Efficiency Scrutiny report of 1995 the Egan report Rethinking Construction of 1998 the depicted object Audit Office (NAO) report Modernising Constructio n of 2001 the SFC report Accelerating tack of 2002 the orient to the Construction Best Practice Programme (CBPP) of 1998 The Construction Client charter and The Movement for Innovation (M4i) were all instaurati sensationd to move the UK construction industry in the right direction.In its conclusion it affirms that if all its recommendations were put into practice, the capableness for the work of efficiency savings of 30 per cent over louver years in essential construction embodys is highly visible and trustworthyizable (NAO, 2001).While the whole of this chapter is devoted to the review of the appoint UK construction industry benchmark reports, this section succinctly outline the key recommendations of the Latham report of 1994.As earlier noted at the beginning of the chapter, the first key recommendation of the Latham report is the need for the construction client to accept the onus of the reforms in the UK construction industry. It specifically emphasized that governme nt being iodine of the biggest procurer of labours should commit itself and be ac knowledged as a best practice client. It charged government to improve the training of its workforce for the achievement of the industrys goal of time take account for money and establish benchmarking ar revolvements to provide pressure for proceed proceedss in performance.The report also noted that the private sector construction client is the biggest procurer of project and they thus need a symmetry voice to effect counterchanges and improve standards. It was noticed that in that location was no sensation focus for the private sector construction client and a need was however identified. The boundting up of an organisation called the Construction Clients Forum was recommended to render the private sector client and provide important voice, with responsibility for promoting forward thinking on key replications. The creation of the organisation was considered a priority.The report recomme nded that the Construction Sponsorship Directorate of the segment of the Environment be throwated by Ministers as the lead Department for the implementation of the reports recommendations.Secondly, adjudication was acknowledged as the impeccable way of dispute resolution which must be introduced within all the streamer Forms of Contract and be underpinned by legislation. It emphasized that the impeccable solution is the dodging of disputes. However, dispute digest still abound despite concerted efforts of prevention. The report reckons that if procural and tendering procedures are amend therefore there will be reduction in the causes of conflict. Mediation/conciliation was also acknowledged as another route of Alternative Dispute Resolution.Thirdly, the report recommended that the CIC should provide a guide to briefing that would assist the clients. It was also recommended that it should be part of the contractual process that the client should approve the excogitate brief by sign language it off. Also it was recommended that zip should coordinate and publish a Construction strategy Code of Practice (CSCP) to inform and advise the client. The CSCP should be legible and unclouded and circulated with all the government agencies.Fourthly, the report recommends the inclusion of detailed advice in the CSCP to all public clients on the specific requirements for selective tendering of EU directives. NJCC polity of procedure was recommended as the focal point for the numbers of tenders for oneness gift tendering. It advised that clients that are subject to EU regulation must do away with open tendering procedures. It also exponentd that client that procures their project through with(predicate) design and build approach should proceed by the following tender routes (1) On a single stage basis, not more than three firms should be invited with one other name in reserve (2) When a project is of complex nature and substantial, a two stage tender should b e employed subject to EU considerations (3) When it is envisaged that ground investigation comprise would be incurred by tenderers, they should be allowed to pool such bell by the retainment of single firm of consultants acting on behalf of them all (4) It should be made cognize in advance when a very large and expensive strategy is to be undertaken that a reasonable proportion of expense incurred by unsuccessful tenderers will be paid back to them (5) Based on case and price basis assurance should be sought from the contractors that their own victor consultants will be retained.It recommends the creation of a more standardisation and heavy forms of contract, which tackle matters of simplicity, justice, subprograms and responsibilities, adventures allocation, dispute resolution and payment (NAO, 2001).Fifthly, partnering was advocated by Latham for fostering long term relationship. It emphasizes that competitive tendering process should be use in quest the partnering arra ngement for a specific period of time. The partnering arrangement should be found on mutually agreed and measurable targets for cropivity improvements. Training was however not well considered by the Latham review save it advised that the thing should be examined as a matter of urgency by the industry and the government.It also recommends that the industry should move away from the established structure that the industry handles contracts and works with designers and equal hazard should be assumption greater consideration. It recommends the creation of a single commutation public sector register of consultants and contractors (NAO, 2001). This has led to the creation of ConstructionLine which is a central qualification database of contractors and consultants run by a public/private partnership with a Government steering collection (NAO, 2001).Lastly, the report notes that the industry has invested little in research and development and that the DOE should take urgent step and involves clients in its research strategy plan which should be properly monitored. It also recommends the acceptance of 30% real cost reduction by minister and the industry. It recommends that lick definition should be given to the roles and responsibilities of the project manager.RETHINKING CONSTRUCTION (The Egan Report of 1998)In 1998, the Sir put-on Egan report came into being. The Sir John Egans construction task force presented it to the then deputy prime minister. The causality Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott accredited the report in July, 1998 with the central message that the UK construction industry and its client passel jointly act to improve their performance by applying best practices to improve the shade and efficiency of the servicing provided by the industry to its clients (AZoBuild, 2008 Construction Excellence, 2006). Cain (2003) notes that the basic distinction of the Egan report in comparison with other reports is its insistence on the extraction of b est practice in come forth chain management from other sector.It was commissioned as part of the Governments effort to improve the quality and efficiency of the service provided by the industry to its clients.The Egan report advocates the creation of a Movement for Change which would be a vibrant, motivating and non-institutionalised body of people who are an advocate of the upliftment of the UK construction industry (AZoBuild, 2008). It was also noticed that the report acted as a harbinger for ethnic changes with outcomes such as the launch of M4i in November 1998 (AZoBuild, 2008). The report also emphasize that the industry of necessity to improve on their activities but it however believe the industry is capable of doing that (AZoBuild, 2008).Several expression projects were undertaken to make up the innovations advocated by the report which to public astonishment exceeded the reports targets in productivity, profits, defects and reduced accidents (AZoBuild, 2008). display p rojects are regarded as live construction projects that are either innovating or imbibing an element of best practice (Construction Excellence, 2008a). Lesson learnt from these projects are used in influencing the UK construction industry change (Construction Excellence, 2008a).The report stoutly amalgamate the jot of clients at the high level of inefficiency and harry and similarly powerfully consolidated the earlier message of the call for desegregation (Cain, 2003). The report lucidly admitted that total integration of processes (design and construction) and the application of supply chain management are key to better range for end user client (Cain, 2003).Cain (2003) in his review of the Egan report averred that the report was highly critical of the UK construction industrys disinclination to the neck of the benefits of greater commonality and standardisation of components and materials.It was revealed in the report that the industry had low profit expertness, in addition little investment in capital, research, development and training and that too many of the construction clients in the industry were not satisfied with what they are getting (Construction Excellence, 2006). Consequently, 5 drivers for change were identified by the report with 4 project process improvements and 7 targets for improvement, which are summarized in Fig.3.5 in the old chapter.Egan recommendations also include the attainment of the UK construction industrys potential. The report notes that for this to be achieved the industry needs to shift from its present culture and structure of competitive tendering and sub it with long term relationships based on clear measurements of performance and uphold improvements in quality and efficiency (Construction Excellence, 2006).MODERNISING CONSTRUCTION (The NAO report of 2001)In 2001, NAO Modernising Construction report came into being with brave recommendations by summarising previous reports that had recently set the tone for the eradication of the quandary besmirching the UK construction industry. The reports formulation includes an analytical appraisal of the factual posture of the industry and the barriers that hamper improvement (Cain, 2003). The report is or so how to modernise the procurement and delivery of construction projects in the United demesne that benefits the construction clients and the UK construction industry in general (NAO, 2001). It critically chastises the UK construction industry for its poor performance and the consequences this poses (Cain, 2003).The report is seen to be very influential in dissuading the construction clients and the construction industry to discard their old adversarial slipway and imbibe the Egan best practice (NAO, 2001). In Cains review of the report, it was identified that the study impediments to improvement of the performance of the UK construction industry are (1) the separate particular date of the designers from the rest of the supply chain (2) limi ted application of value management (3) opposition to supply chain integration (4) inconsideration of the factual cost of construction processes and components (5) little single point responsibility in one hand of design and construction process (6) limited regards to end users needs and inconsideration of fitness for purpose of the construction (7) use by client of narrow and rigid specifications, which stifle innovation and limit the scope for value for money and (8) less inputs of buildability.According to NAO (2001), the report is seen to be forward smell and underscores good practice being keep upd by the industry which if widely apply could achieve much appreciable improvements in construction performance achieving better value for money. It was noted within the larger spending departments and agencies estimate that by adopting new approach to procurement and management of construction, efficiency gains of over 600 jillion annually and improvement in the quality of constr uction was achieved (NAO, 2001). It was established that there is greater potential in the application of best practice that leads to ameliorate profitability when comparison is made with the current industry average of one per cent of turnover (NAO, 2001).Furthermore, the report also shows that there is no provision of value for money in the acceptance of the lowest price iron in both the final cost of construction or the through life and operational costs (NAO, 2001). It was also noted that conflict and apprehension which have contributed to poor performance have severed the relationship surrounded by the public sector client and the construction industry (NAO, 2001).The report emphasises the need for integration of the clients, professional advisers, contractors, subcontractors and suppliers of materials in order to better manage risk and apply value management and plan techniques for the improvement of buildability and the elimination of waste from the process (NAO, 2001). T his integration will be bring greater niggardness to achieving a better construction which meets end users needs at a lower through life costs (NAO, 2001). Integration has the propensity of cut through life and operational costs which consequently leads to greater consequence of time and budgeted costs of project (NAO, 2001).The report also charged the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) to develop more sophisticated performance measures and provide more co-ordinated direction to initiatives to promote better performance by the construction industry (NAO, 2001). The report acknowledged the department collaboration with the construction industry in developing and promoting key performance indicators to measure construction performance such as (1) the operational and running costs of completed buildings (2) the cost effectiveness of the construction process (3) indicators for health and preventive and (4) quality of the completed construction.Lastly, th e report emphasises the training of more staff for the effectiveness of the construction clients and the importance of partnering for the adversarial relationship that abounds in the UK construction industry (NAO, 2001).ACCELERATING CHANGE (The SFC Report of 2002)The first act of the then minister of construction, Brian Wilson MP were to announce the arrangement for the SFC and consequently the file name extension of the Rethinking Construction programme for another two years which led to the military issue of Accelerating Change in the year 2002 (SFC, 2002). In the ministers foreword for the publication, he was more impressed with the reports emphasis on creating a sustainable, customer focussed industry (SFC, 2002). He noted the best in the industry, with particular references to the Rethinking Construction demonstration projects, which showed that Rethinking Construction principles hold good in practice and deliver real tangible returns for clients, consultants, contractors, su ppliers, and communities (SFC, 2002).The minister acknowledge that clients of the UK construction industry all fate projects that exemplify superior whole life value and performance, excellent design and functionality, that are devoid of defect, delivered within budget and within the stipulated time (SFC, 2002). It was seen that the report did not come with something alien to the industry but it rather builds on and reaffirm the rethinking construction principles (SFC, 2002). The report presents better ways to tackle the bank vault to progress and identify ways to accelerate the rate of change (SFC, 2002).The death chair of the report Sir John Egan also emphasize his wish for the extinction of prodigal and erratic process of lowest cost tendering as the main procurement route with its replacement with one where clients procurement is based on value for money against world class benchmarks and projects delivery by corporate teams of experts mixed in nonstop improvement in cust omer satisfaction, productivity, safety and value for money (SFC, 2002).Bruntland (1987) defines sustainability as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sir Egan further stressed that the inability of the rethinking construction report to fully explore sustainability as a core issue was deliberate (SFC, 2002). He noted that concept of pre-planning must come before planning for sustainability and that the ability of pre-planning a project through from start to turn back is a pre-requisite to the design in sustainability (SFC, 2002).Our vision is for the UK construction industry to produce maximum value for all clients, end users and stakeholders and exceed their expectations through the accordant delivery of world class products and services (SFC, 2002).The Forum reckons that for change to be accelerated, three key drivers were identified to secure a culture of continuous improvement namely ( 1) the need for client leadership (2) the need for integrated teams and (3) the need to address people issues, especially health and safety (SFC, 2002). However, integration is the key theme of accelerating change (SFC, 2002). All the following were accentuated by the assemblage as discussed below.Accelerating Client LeadershipThe report indicates that most construction clients in the UK construction industry have access to independent, expert advice for meeting their military control or project needs. For clients to receive better solutions in meeting their needs, advices screen such as a range of procurement and management options, including environmental performance, operating and whole life costs are vital. Irrespective(prenominal) of the procurement option, the achievement of maximum integration of the team at the most plausive time should be considered as indispensable in order to make the impeccably explore all available expertise, and central to the delivery of best whol e life performance and maximising client value from construction. The report notes that the construction clients should make use of integrated teams and long term supply chains and keenly participate in their creation. The report affirms that to ensure the adequacy, concurrence and independence of the service, clients can expect a list of basic competencies and a code of conduct should be made available. The construction industry has various codes of practice and codes of conduct that can assist in bringing active output in this regard.Accelerating Integrated TeamsA study to be coordinated by the Specialist Engineering Contractors Group in consultation with the industry and Government was recommended by the assembly. This should be carried out to examine the impact of insolvency law and practice on construction supply chains and make recommendations for change by July 2003. The proposals are designed to provide the trust necessary to beef up collaborative working. The report emp hasize that the UK construction industry must espouse supply chain management techniques presently in use in the manufacturing industry to increase productivity, reduce time, increase cash-flow efficiency and thus inform risk.Accelerating Culture Change in People IssuesIt was noted that the construction industry engages 1.5 million people. The report reckons that for the UK construction industry to flourish, it needs excellent quality staff with skill, integrity, dependability and safety too carry out their specify roles. The report also notes that one of the challenges facing the UK construction industry is attracting able personnel and training and retaining them. It was also seen that the employment of wide range of people is imperative over the next five years with skills in design, engineering and all construction crafts with figures placed at around 370,000.Moreover, due to the besmirched public image of the industry attracting brightest people to the industry is seen to be harder since they do not see the activity in the construction industry to be fulfilling and rewarding. Consequently, the forum identified five areas for particular attention namely (1) Health and safety (2) Pay and conditions (3) Recruitment (4) Training and competence and (5) Image.Cross-Cutting IssuesWhile the report notes client leadership, integrated teams and tackling people issues as drivers for change, the report further notes several other issues that can act as enabling vessels or impediments to change (SFC, 2002). Cross-cutting issues such as(1) Design QualityFor a successful realisation of any construction project the investment in high quality design by an integrated team is considered vital. By the integration of design and construction at the front end of a project, majority of value can easily be created. Safety, reduction in defects and lower operating cost of a structure can be realised through integrated, high quality design(2) Information Technology (IT) and the InternetThe introductions of IT and electronic short letter (e-business), as enablers into the construction sector have brought about a lucid transformation of many operations in the construction sector with greater propensity for more. Its benefits are significant for designers, constructors and building operators. It tends not to be that easier in deriving maximum benefits from its introduction. Through the wider use of the internet and electronic procurement (e-procurement) greater potential exists for the reduction of infrastructure cost. The extensive adoption of e-business and virtual(prenominal) prototyping involve the construction industry transforming its traditional methods of working and its business relationships. The most vital impediments to this transformation include organisational and cultural inertia, scale, awareness of the potential and knowledge of the benefits, skills, perceptions of cost and risk, legal issues and standards. However, considerable potential be nefits still abounds such as efficiencies and skills development from knowledge management, economy and speed of construction, improved business relationships, product and process improvement and technology and entrepreneurship(3) Research and Development (RD) and Innovation investing in RD is essential to innovation and continuous improvement. It provides value to clients and improves profitability(4) SustainabilitySustainability can be considered as a driver for change. Its embracement in the construction industry can lead to a safer and less lavish sector and(5) think SystemA government reform in the planning organization is well supported by the report. It considers a fair, transparent, timely and consistent planning system will help to eliminate waste promote accountable development.The forum reckons that if all these cross-cutting issues are properly managed and developed, they offer considerable opportunity of impacting on the pace of change (SFC, 2002). contain Handbook (C onfederation of Construction Client)Charter enchiridion was published by the construction clients forum. The charter handbook sets out the obligations that define a best practice client (Jones and Saad, 2003). It emphasizes the leadership role which the construction client needs to play for a rapid radical change in the UK construction industry (Jones and Saad, 2003). The handbook requires charter client to be at the front end of the drive for continuous improvement of cultural relationships throughout the supply chain with performance measurement used to provide proof of improvement (Cain, 2003).According to Cain (2003) the obligations of the charter client was listed by the handbook as follows (1) yearly review and amendment as necessary their cultural change programme based on what has been experienced (2) measure their respective performance in achieving their cultural change programme (3) prepare a cultural change programme with targets for its achievements and (4) monitor the effects of implementing their cultural change programme using key performance indicator (KPI) that suites the project.Jones and Saad (2003) note that it also requires the charter client to engage procurement processes that delivers the following improvements namely (1) considerable reductions in whole-life costs (2) significant improvements in functional efficiency (3) a quality environment for end users (4) reduced construction time (5) improved predictability on time and budget (5) reduction in defects and (6) elimination of inefficiency and waste.Moreover, the handbook charged the construction client to consistently procure through integrated teams preferably in long term relationship (Jones and Saad, 2003). The handbook also emphasizes the importance of supply change management (Cain, 2003).Lastly, the handbook made it clear that consultants must be an integral part of both UK construction industry and the integrated supply chain (Cain, 2003).Movement for Innovation (M4i)In Nove mber 1998, the M4i came into being to implement, across the whole of the industry, the recommendations contained in the rethinking construction report (Construction Excellence, 2008b). The report came up with the proposition for the creation of a movement for change which would be made up of group of dynamic people inspired by the need for change (Construction Excellence, 2008b). Since the start of year 2004, it has been a part of the construction chastity (Construction Excellence, 2008b).Radical improvement in construction in value for money, profitability, reliability and respect for people, through demonstration of best practices and innovation was the main aims of the movement (Construction Excellence, 2008b).The report notes that benchmarking against M4i demonstration projects can considerably leads to excellent output or result (Construction Excellence, 2008b). The M4i demonstration projects have shown real benefits of best practice measures and innovations with over 180 demo nstration projects being submitted by construction clients and contractors (Construction Excellence, 2008b).The report seeks to avail performance efficiencies to achieve sustained annual improvements of (1) 10% reduction in cost and construction time (2) 20% reduction in defects and accidents (3) 10% increase in productivity and profitability and (4) 20% increase in predictability of project performance (Construction Excellence, 2008). All these are expected to be achieved through the following avenues namely (1) product development (2) project implementation (3) partnering the supply chain and (4) production of components (Construction Excellence, 2008b). The movement is involved in a range of services which include namely (1) clusters (2) working groups (3) M4i board (4) M4i teams and (5) M4i clubs (Construction Excellence, 2008b).CONCLUSION in that respect is no system or perhaps industry without its teething problems. Problems are encountered to be experienced and solved. Ident ifying areas of improvement is the first step in move in the right direction. UK government and the industry have shown great concerns which have been yielding fruit even if it has not been of great measures.Subsequent chapters have deliberated on the besmirching situation of the industry which needs to be repa

Karl Marx: History as Explicable Human Activity Essay -- Philosophy Hi

History as Explicable Human legal action as Seen by Karl MarxUsing phrases such as innocent and puerile fantasies, Karl Marx unambiguously attacks the Hegelian philosophy preponderant during his time, citing in its concept of narration an irrevocable divorce with reality. For Marx, taradiddle is exactly what it seems to be a successiveness of human events in which ideas such as the division of labor, production, and revolution flip-flop their immaterial Hegelian counterparts, if even such counterparts exist. In fact, Marx accuses the token historiographer of ignoring the fundamental aspects of actual human activity while instead concentrating upon non-actualized ideas at best and imaginary metaphysical concepts at worst.History is nothing moreover the season of separate generations, each of which exploits the materials, capital, and productive forces handed down to it by all preceding generations. Marx resists any abstraction from this idea, believing that his material istic ideas completely stand supported by empirical evidence which seems impossible to the Hegelian. His bill then begin... Karl Marx History as Explicable Human act render -- Philosophy Hi History as Explicable Human Activity as Seen by Karl MarxUsing phrases such as innocent and childlike fantasies, Karl Marx unambiguously attacks the Hegelian philosophy preponderant during his time, citing in its concept of accounting an irrevocable divorce with reality. For Marx, history is exactly what it seems to be a succession of human events in which ideas such as the division of labor, production, and revolution transpose their immaterial Hegelian counterparts, if even such counterparts exist. In fact, Marx accuses the token historian of ignoring the fundamental aspects of actual human activity while instead concentrating upon non-actualized ideas at best and imaginary metaphysical concepts at worst.History is nothing only when the succession of separate generati ons, each of which exploits the materials, capital, and productive forces handed down to it by all preceding generations. Marx resists any abstraction from this idea, believing that his materialistic ideas only when stand supported by empirical evidence which seems impossible to the Hegelian. His history then begin...

Essay --

You never know how much you really suppose whatsoeverthing until its truth or falsehood becomes a matter of life and finis to you (C.S Lewis).The falsehood A Farewell To Arms by Ernest Hemingway engages numerous themes associated with whop and death. Taking rest home during World War 1, Hemingway displays the horrors of war, yet he contains hydrogen and Catherines sock story in the midst of it all. Hemingway demonstrates themes such as worship and reality of war associated with fare, and uses weather and loss related to death. The novel revolves around the love story between Henry and Catherine, taking place in the World War. Therefore, Henry emerges himself into love in order to lead and overcome the grim reality of war. Similarly, Catherine mourns the death of her late husband scarcely uses love to to fill the void. Religion is a major theme highlighted with love in the novel. Literary critic Arnold A. Markley states, A religion or any organized system of beliefs has t o be tried and tested before frederic depart be able to accept it, and as yet, he has found no system of beliefs or value to commit himself entirely. Early in the novel when his companions bait and tease the priest, Frederic nevertheless respects the humble man. (173). For example The priest in salmagundis Henry of the nature of love. When you love, you wish to sacrifice, you wish to serve (63). From the very pedigree of the novel, Henry has had a special bond with the priest and his messages, unlike the another(prenominal) soldiers. Also during their summer in Milan, Henry and Catherine talk about their marriage. and having a formal marriage with religious rituals, but Catherine goes on saying, You are my religion (237). So Henrys religion lives only in the form of his love for Catherine. After... ...her in Milan, Catherine tells Henry that shes scared of the rain. Though they twain enjoy walking in it, she says I feel dead in it. Often the rain suggests imminent destruction there is a hale the night that Frederic must leave Italy to avoid being arrested, Catherine dreams that she is dead in the rain (173) Finally at the end of the novel after Catherines dark death, it is raining outside. Hemingway uses rain to imply that it is a force of nature which cannot be controlled, just as fate is something no one can control, Hemingway highlights love and death in the lives of Catherine and Henry as they experience the war in the background. He conveys this through religion and weather etc. Hemingway emphasizes that Life never goes as planned...its in those moments where you define yourself adapt and overcome. Youll become a cleanse person because of it.

Being a Teenage Mother Essays -- essays research papers

It was a beautiful afternoon on the bay of Huntington Beach. Just what would be expected of all regular twenty-four hour period in California. The sun was shining inexplicably, as if it knew what was coming, the sky was clear with iodin cloud across the horizon, the sand was boiling and I could literally find out the bottom of my foot melting away. The air was scented with the sweetness of throttle and re insolented by gentle breezes. There are families everywhere I look, playing endlessly with their kids, throwing beach balls around, tanning their bodies until it turns to ebony, walking their precious dogs, and sit their bicycles until their muscles deteriorated. The beach is adults playground.She appeared, emerged, surfaced, arrived fashionably late flaunting, showing, presenting, announcing her long, extended, elongated, svelte legs. Amanda stood at five foot eight. Her body was well taken care of and you could yield she spends hours in the gym. Her skin was tan, milky, and full of freckles all at the same time, her light-haired hair extended all the way to her tiny hips. With a unity blink, her piercing green-honey eyes would speak millions of words. She smelled like a manufactured Barbie fresh out of a box, a soft smell of vanilla and lavender. Her twain and only treasures had tagged along as I expected they would. musical harmony put your sandals on, you are going to burn your feet. Her voice was sweet and soft, undeniably the voice of a caring mother. Sorry Im late, I had to stop by the pharmacy to get Adams medicine. consonance and Adam are her rock and her shoulder to lean on. Harmony straightway seven, remembers the nights her mother would stay up all night crying, turning herself teetotum down, loosing herself waiting for something that she hoped was the end to ... ... a teenagers life. Most of the girls overlook their dreams of happy marriage, college is or so of the time out of the question, and graduating High School becomes a goal t he legal age of teenage moms dont attain. Amanda took another exit out, she opted for the exit where everybody comes out a winner. It is authorized that teenagers are inexperienced and often indispensableness help in elevation their kids, but theyve got just as much love for their children as any other mother who isnt a teenager does. A blow gives something to look forward to and something that gives meaning to life. Yes, it is hard but as Amanda herself give tongue to it. I only regret the things that I didnt do in my life, and I without my kids I dont know where my life would be, maybe it would have been better, but to me it doesnt matter. Ive got all I need next to me, as she hugs them both warmly at the same time.

Burton Snowboards Business Analysis Essay -- Business Marketing Analyz

Burton Snowboards Business AnalysisBurton Snowboards takes surf to the voltaic piles, with premium snowboards and equipment. Jake Burton, the worlds commencement exercise snowboard maker, founded the company in 1977 in Londonberry, Vermont. Despite it being small and privately owned, Burton is the industry leader in snowboards and equipment controlling 40% total market share in the winter sports industry. Burton is a global business with its main headquarters in Vermont, lacquer and Austria and worldwide distribution capabilities in over 35 countries. Burton Snowboards operates three manufacturing plant outlet stores in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Austria. To create buzz marketing, Burton encourages newbies to fetch the slopes with its Learn To Ride (LTR) line of equipment and programs at ski resorts nationally. In the knightly few years, Burton has started independent companies, which have their own individual identities and products. Burton has also created one and only(a) o f the most extensive online shopping experiences for its clientele. (www.burton.com) StrengthsBurton attributed to the development of the sport of snowboarding, as it was the first and oldest manufacturer. The company has a loyal customer base and an established retail distribution channel. Burton provides customers with an interactive online website. In order to provide help to mountain resorts to attract and retain snowboarders, Burtons primary customer base, they have created underlying relationships with resorts by providin...

Hans Holbein, The Ambassadors Essay -- essays research papers

Hans HolbeinThe Ambassadors&10086IntroductionThe Ambassadors is one of the most complex and arguably portrait which Holbein had varicoloured. The mark of this report is to analyze Han Holbein?fs ikon, ?gThe Ambassadors?h. The main task of this report is to uncover the center of this word-painting, as it still remains unclear. Firstly, I go forth give a short introduction about the painter. Then, I pull up stakes examine the characteristics of the flock and the objects in the painting. Lastly, I will attempt to identify the meaning of the painting. &10086 or so Han HolbeinHans Holbein the younger was a German machinationist born in Augsburg, Bavaria. He was an outstanding portrait and religious painter and his works ranges from woodcuts, glass paintings, illustrating books, portraits and altarpieces. Hans Holbein was as well as the appointed court painter to Henry VIII of England in 1536. It is estimated that during the final 10 years of his life, Holbein painted approxima tely 150 portraits of royalty and aristocracy and he also designed costumes, silverw ar and jewelry for the court. Holbein?fs other famous art works include the remarkable woodcuts piece, ?gThe Dance of Death?h and illustrations for Luthers Bible, the ?gMadonna of Burgomaster Meye?h altarpiece. Unfortunately, Holbein died in London in 1543 during a plague epidemic.&10086The AmbassadorsThis painting was painted at the time that Henry VIII was trying to divorce his commencement ceremony wife Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Bolyne, the second of his six wives. pillowcase Two men in the paintingThe character to the left is blue jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. To the right stands his friend, Georges de Selve, aged 25, Bishop of Lavaur, who acted on several?occasions as ambassador to the Emperor, the Venetian Republic and the holy See. Dinteville wearing an opulent, fur-lined coat and decorated with the Order of St. Michael, while de Selve s clothes are more restrained. The French ambassador Dinteville was on an official visit from France to quiet the growing tensions between Henry VIII, King of England, and Pope Clement VII. On the other hand, De Selve commissioning was to represent the interests of the Catholic Church. Two of them are honourable friends and this painting was painted during Dinteville?fs visit to London. Objects on the Top Shelf in that location a... ...how the way Holbein had drew the skull. According to the experts, it?fs real shape could only be seen by the viewer on a certain rake. I comic that when the viewer look at it the right angle, the real shape will reveal but the other part of the painting would not microscopical in the viewer?fs eye. This is very interesting as it might induct another deep meaning to the painting. Maybe Holbein was trying to suggest that the dickens men look at things at a different angle and think differently. If they could think flexibly, they might be able t o find a way to persuade Henry VIII . Was Holbein trying to hint dungaree de Dinteville and George de Selve to think at a different perspective to complete their mission? The distorted skull might be an indication that if both men ?es thinking are distorted and not on the right track, it will lead to the failure of the mission. Whatever it is I personally think that this painting has a message to it but of all the analysis made by the expert, nobody can be sure of the real meaning of the painting except the artist himself. References Foister, Susan, Roy Ashok & Martin Wyld, Making & Meaning Holbein?fs Ambassadors, London Yale U.P., 1997

What Bush Really Means Essay -- Essays Papers

What pubic hair Really MeansIn atonic of the destruction of the World Trade Centers in New York, PresidentGeorge W. Bush delivered a speech to the nation on September 20, 2001. He rundle ofour losses, our fears, our hope, and our plans for the future. We can use Sam HamillsThe Necessity to Speak to better ensure some of our Presidents ideas. Hamill states,Nothing will change until we demolish the we-and-they mentality. We are gentlemans gentleman, and hence all human concerns are ours (463). In his speech, President Bush cleardefines who the we-and-they are. This war is not Islam vs. the United States ofthe States it is the entire instauration, even finish as we know it, vs. terrorism.In the beginning, Bush recognizes how this great tragedy has, in many ways,brought our country closer together as a whole. heap e reallywhere are coming to the aidof those in need. Jews are on the job(p) side by side with Christians. Millions are selflesslydonating blood to hold on the lives of others. Men and women of every tongue congregateto offer up supplicateers of grace and comfort. We will not forget South Korean childrengathering to pray outside our embassy in Seoul, or the prayers of sympathy offered at amosque in Cairo. We will not forget moments of silence and days of mourning inAustralia and Africa and Latin America (Bush par. 9). This horrible act of terrorism haseven dispirited the unbreakable bond between opposing political parties. All of Americawas touched on the evening of the tragedy to see Republicans and Democrats joinedtogether on the steps of this Capitol, singing God Bless America (Bush par. 6). Ourcountry suffered a grand loss on September 20th, but we have grown much as anation this past mont... ...d disgust that the people who did this to our solid ground must feel towards us. The incredible evil is hard to comprehend. But it is very real, and the fact remains thatwe must band together as a whole to win this battle. Perhaps the NATO Ch arter reflectsbest the attitude of the world An attack on one is an attack on all (Bush par. 36). We,the human race, can overcome this and we will prevail.WORKS CITEDBush, Pres. George W. President Bushs Speech to the Nation. internationalistTelevision. The House of Congress. 20 September 2001.Hamill, Sam. The Necessity to Speak. Writing As Re-Vision A Students Anthology.Eds. Beth Alvarado and Barbara Cully. Massachusetts Simon & Schuster.1998. 457-464.Who is Osama Bin Laden? BBC News 18 September 2001. 15 October 2001 .

Aleander Hamilton Essay -- Biography Biographies

alexander hamiltonAlexander Hamilton is among a group of manpower extolled as the founders of America. These framers, as they are best known, tend to be grouped, by modern Americans, into a single(a), homogeneous aggregate of people, with identical beliefs, political tactics, and goals. This elicitation is far from reality, however. This is demonstrated in Forrest McDonalds book, Alexander Hamilton A Biography. peradventure the most interesting part of the life of Alexander Hamilton was its first half. During this time, Hamilton create many of the beliefs and practices that would guide the rest of his life and our nation, first, as the Secretary of the Treasury, and, later, as President of the United States of America. Hamiltons early life can be divided into three main sections his childhood, his education, and his public service.Hamilton was the son of a well(p) French woman, Rachel Faucett, and a Scottish nobleman, James Hamilton. Alexanders parents isolated when he was two. His mother took custody of himself and his brother. Living in a single parent home, truly a rarity in the 18th century, unsalted Hamilton was forced to labor tirelessly as a child to encourage support the family. It was this hard work, however, that gave Hamilton the work ethic that he would later so frequently employ. His mother died nine years later. Hamilton, thus, continued his pattern of self-reliance. around revealingly, the boy longed for fame. This lust, a direct result of his ro...

Physics and the Olympics :: Sport Sports Olympic Competition

The Olympics are fabled to have originated from a Greek myth, in which Hercules won a lean at Olympia, a plain in the small state of Elis, and then decreed that the race should be enacted every four eld. The much likely story is that the Olympic festival was a local religious event until 884 BC, when Iphitus, the king of Elis, contumacious to turn it into a broader festival. To accomplish that, he entered into a temporary cease-fire with other rulers, allowing athletes and others to travel peacefully to Olympia while the festival was sacking on. In 776 BC, the Greeks based their chronology on four-year periods, called Olympiads, and the Olympic festival marked the stock of each Olympiad.Today, the Olympics are still held every four years, and advanced in technology and fitness training have enhanced world records to the supreme maximum. All Olympic sports have experienced major changes over the years, that here I will discuss a few of the more than famous Olympic events the 100-meter dash, the javelin throw, and the pole vault. The Greeks actually had a sprint of some 190 metres called the stadion in the ancient Olympics, which was a sprint down a straight track and back again. The technology of the day consisted of nothing more than a wooden post at one end to facilitate the runner on his return back up the track. Races originally began with the athletes stand up upright, with their toes resting in grooves in a stone take leaveing sill - hence the fount toe the line. False starts were punished by flogging from a judge standing behind the athletes. Later it seems that a starting admittance (called the husplex) was used, much like that used in horse-racing today.In the modern Olympics, sprinters start from a crouching position, budgeing against starting blocks to help them accelerate. Blocks were introduced in the juvenile twenties and were first used at the 1948 Olympic games in London. Instrumented starting blocks appeared in the early 1980s, and consisted of a spring plate and a microswitch. In the late 1980s units based on strain gauges emerged, although they were very sensitive to the push of the athlete against them and caused many wrong false starts in competitive races. An amend strain-gauge version that worked quite well was introduced in about 1993, and two years later an intelligent version was developed.

Prejudice and Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay -- HOD Joseph

Racism in Conrads nerve of Darkness infer floating up the dark waters of the congou River in the pith of Africa. The calmness of the water and the dense fog get to the hairs stand up on the back of your neck as you wonder if the steamboats crew testament eat you as you sleep. These things occur in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. Although the allow is undeniably racialist, was the author, Joseph Conrad, antiblack? Conrad was racist because he uses racial slurs, the sla rattling and partial treatment of the native Africans in his obtain. The use of racist language is very prevalent in Heart of Darkness. Conrad, through Marlow, the chief(prenominal) character, uses the reciprocation nigra when talking well-nigh native Africans on umpteen occasions. The fool-nigger had dropped everything to throw the close open and let off that Martini-Henry (Conrad 46). The use of the word nigger so loosely by Marlow and other people in the book was an accredited thing during the t ime the book took place. Nigger has endlessly been a racist word and because Conrad writes with this word, he is racist. Conrads racist create verbally makes the native people touch ignorant. I pulled the string of the whistle, and I did this because I saw the pilgrims on the deck getting out their rifles with an air of anticipating a jolly lark. At the sudden screech there was a consummation of abject disquietude through that wedged mass of bodies. (Conrad 66) In this especial(a) portion of the book Conrad blew the steam whistle to scare away the imprudent natives. Conrad, in his writing, displays an berth that the native people were niggers and were not smart people. In writing about this, he is uneducated about cultural differences. He does not receive and understand the African people so he calls them niggers... ... teach them, as it were. (Conrad 42) To say the natives had no understanding of time is dehumanizing. tied(p) the most uncivil cultures had some sense of time. Weather it simply cognize that when the sun goes blue and then comes up, a new day starts. Conrad displayed the natives as things that spoke a primitive language and were not intelligent. Writing about this is extremely racist and offensive. As you push further up river, things release from the dense jungle only feet from your boat. The fool-nigger driving the boat gets scared and starts shooting. The expect of the ships crew shoots aimlessly into the bush. Joseph Conrad was a racist person. He makes the native African people look like brainless things that should be used as pawns of the European society. whole caboodle Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. W.W. Norton and Company New York. 1988. Prejudice and Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- HOD JosephRacism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Imagine floating up the dark waters of the Congo River in the Heart of Africa. The calmness of the water and the dense fog make the hairs stand up on the back of your neck as you wonder if the steamboats crew will eat you as you sleep. These things occur in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. Although the book is undeniably racist, was the author, Joseph Conrad, racist? Conrad was racist because he uses racial slurs, the slavery and unfair treatment of the native Africans in his book. The use of racist language is very prevalent in Heart of Darkness. Conrad, through Marlow, the main character, uses the word nigger when talking about native Africans on many occasions. The fool-nigger had dropped everything to throw the shutter open and let off that Martini-Henry (Conrad 46). The use of the word nigger so loosely by Marlow and other people in the book was an accepted thing during the time the book took place. Nigger has always been a racist word and because Conrad writes with this word, he is racist. Conrads racist writing makes the native people look ignorant. I pulled the string of the whistle, and I did this because I saw the pi lgrims on the deck getting out their rifles with an air of anticipating a jolly lark. At the sudden screech there was a movement of abject terror through that wedged mass of bodies. (Conrad 66) In this particular portion of the book Conrad blew the steam whistle to scare away the foolish natives. Conrad, in his writing, displays an attitude that the native people were niggers and were not smart people. In writing about this, he is uneducated about cultural differences. He does not know and understand the African people so he calls them niggers... ... teach them, as it were. (Conrad 42) To say the natives had no understanding of time is dehumanizing. Even the most primitive cultures had some sense of time. Weather it simply knowing that when the sun goes down and then comes up, a new day starts. Conrad displayed the natives as things that spoke a primitive language and were not intelligent. Writing about this is extremely racist and offensive. As you push further up river, things emerge from the dense jungle only feet from your boat. The fool-nigger driving the boat gets scared and starts shooting. The rest of the ships crew shoots aimlessly into the bush. Joseph Conrad was a racist person. He makes the native African people look like brainless things that should be used as pawns of the European society. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. W.W. Norton and Company New York. 1988.

Why I Think They Should Legalize Pot :: essays research papers

Why I trust They Should Legalize tailBy Hagbard Celine     There has recently been lots of contr ever sosy all over whether they shouldlegalize marijuana, or non. I think they should, and there is lots of essentialevidence and reasons to support this. If drugs were legalized, this countrywould be a much nicer turn up to inhabit and for this reason and others, thegovernment should stop cracking down on harmless pot users. Here are thereasons why weed should be legalized in the United States     First, our prisons are so full of drug users exchangeable harmless pot smokersand such that we do not have both place to stick real criminals. A friend of mybrothers was killed by a drunk driver about three years ago when he went off tocollege. The guy who did it got community service time, and a year without hisliscense. This is not justice, and changes need to be made. We cant throwevery little pot honcho in jail just because they ilk grass. After all, its notlike its cocaine or something, which should still be illegal.     Second, marijuana is not up to now as bad as some of the stuff thats legal.You are more in control of your senses than when trashed, and not nearly asviolent. Nobody has ever died directly from getting stoned. Smoking a joint isnot as likely to cause cancer as a cigarette, and weed isnt addictive. In fact,there are very little bad sides to smoking marijuana. It doesnt pull down burn yourthroat as much when you smoke it in a bong as do cigarettes.     Thirdly, if the price of pot went down kind of a bit, then there would beno crime because of it. Pot would be very good for our economy, and pot farmerswould make lots of money. Its diffused to grow, hence the nickname "weed." Andthe price would drop so much that a dime bag would be a penny bag, and a 100-